Extralinguistic factors of language development
Which modern language is probably the closest to the ancient Indo-European language?
Modern Lithuanian
__________ - an alphabetic script used by people of Northern Europe from the first century CE until the Middle Ages.
Runes
In Middle English vowels in unstressed position were ___________
reduced
Middle English syntax is characterized by ____________ variability than in Old English.
greater
How many grammatical categories in the declension of nouns in the Middle English?
Two.
What are cognates?
Similar words in different languages
Name two types of Old English poetry
The Heroic Germanic Pre-Christian and Christian
What was written in 1380, which had a great influence on English?
Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales.
What has happened to the inversion in declarative clauses during the late Middle English period?
It was largely lost.
What were the grammatical categories in the declension of nouns in the Middle English?
Number and case.
Many British places have ________ origin. Give at least 5 examples.
Celtic. Kent, York, London, Dover, Thames, Avon, Trent, Severn, Cornwall, etc.
How many lines are there in the Beowulf? (100 lines mistake)
3 182 lines
Name main dialects in Middle English.
Northern, South-Western, South-Eastern, West Midland, East Midland.
What are the Nominal Phrases?
Nominal Phrases are phrasal units consisting of a noun along with optional modifiers.
How many possible word orders are there in main clauses in Old English?
10.
For how many years Britain remained part of the Roman Empire? And which regions Romans have never been able to occupy?
400 years. Wales and Scotland.
Suffixes in Old English were used in order to _____________
change one type of word into another
How many new diphthongs appeared in Middle English? Name them.
Four. [ai], [ei], [au], [ou].
In what positions were usually the attributive adjectives?
Prenominal position.
In Old English main clause had the finite verb in __________ position, __________ a ________ element that could have a variety of functions.
second, following, first
___________ can describe the set of legal terms and definitions created in the treaties between the King of Wessex, Alfred the Great, and the Danish warlord, Guthrum, written following Guthrum's defeat at the Battle of Edington in 878.
Danelaw
Compounds which are to be understood metaphorically, and usually used in Old English poetry
Kennings
What was the meaning of the word "dream" in Middle English? Why did it change its meaning?
It meant "joy, happiness". Under the influence of the related Scandinavian word it developed its modern meaning.
What has happened to the unsupported NE in negations in the Middle English period?
Unsupported NE became the exception, because it was now usually followed by nacht, noon ar never.
The predicate in OE and ME agrees with the ________, repeating the person and the number of the ___________ or __________________ and changes its position from ___________ order to ________.
subject, noun, pronoun, synthetic, analytic.