Important People
Who was Rose Fortune, and why is she remembered in Canadian history?
She was a Black Loyalist who became a successful businesswoman and entrepreneur in Nova Scotia.
What is the term for a territory controlled and settled by another country?
Colony
What major war was fought between Britain and France in North America and other parts of the world from 1756 to 1763?
The Seven Years’ War
What is a treaty?
A formal agreement between groups or nations.
What were the colonists called who wanted independence from Britain?
Patriots.
Who founded Québec City in 1608 and helped establish New France?
Samuel de Champlain
What term describes people who travelled through the wilderness to trade furs with Indigenous peoples?
Coureurs des bois
What famous battle in 1759 resulted in a British victory and helped Britain gain control of New France?
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
What did Britain gain control of after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713?
Acadia.
What were the colonists called who remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution?
Loyalists.
Who was the British general who led the British forces at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?
James Wolfe
What was the name of the French system that divided land?
Seigneurial system
Why did Britain want to remove the Acadians from their homes in Acadia?
Britain feared the Acadians would not remain loyal to British rule and might support the French.
What major change happened after the Treaty of Paris in 1763?
France gave up New France to Britain, bringing New France under British control.
What year did the American Revolution begin?
1775.
Who was the French general who led the French forces at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?
Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
What is scurvy, and why was it a serious problem for early explorers and settlers?
A disease caused by a lack of vitamin C, which was common on long voyages when fresh food was limited.
What was Acadia and who were it's people?
A french colony in present day Nova Scotia. The Acadians were french-speaking settlers who traded with the Indigenous.
What results came from the Quebec Act of 1774?
It allowed French Roman Catholics to practise their religion and restored French civil law.
Why did many Loyalists leave the United States and move to British North America?
They remained loyal to Britain and faced hostility or persecution because of their beliefs.
Which French explorer travelled to Canada and explored the St. Lawrence River?
Jacques Cartier
What were missionaries, and what does protestant mean?
Religious individuals who worked to spread Christianity, particularly among Indigenous peoples.
Protestant refers to a branch of Christianity separate from Roman Catholicism.
Describe one way that interactions between Indigenous peoples and Europeans involved both cooperation and conflict.
Cooperation included trade and alliances; conflict included competition over land, resources, and control.
Name two of the four important positions in the government of New France and explain one responsibility of each.
Governor (military and external affairs)
sovereign council (helped govern and make laws)
intendant (administration, justice, and finances)
captain of the militia (organized local militia and defence).
Explain two challenges Black Loyalists experienced after arriving in British North America.
They faced discrimination and unequal treatment, including receiving less land and fewer opportunities than white Loyalists.