Units 1&2
Which level of protein structure involves more than one polypeptide chain?
Quaternary
Plant cells are turgid and animal cells are lysed in ____ solutions.
Hypotonic
What process does stomata allow?
Transpiration
Which enzyme in DNA replication is responsible for removing RNA primers with DNA nucleotides?
DNA Polymerase 1
Name the 2 types of gene mutations
Point mutations (base substitution) and Frameshift mutations (Deletions, insertions)
What types of bonds are responsible for a protein's primary structure?
peptide bonds
Chloroplasts and mitochondria containing 70S ribosomes supports ___.
One substance will lose e- in ____ and gain e- in ____.
Oxidation, Reduction
Who confirmed that DNA replication is semi-conservative?
Meselson and Stahl
State the 3 sites found in RNA transcription
A, P, and E sites
Monosaccharides can form disaccharides by ___ reactions.
condensation
Which organelles have a transport function?
Golgi and Endoplasmic Reticulum
State the waxy water-proof strip within endodermis cells that forces water to go through the symplastic route instead of the apoplastic route
Casparian Strip
Both bread and alcohol are examples of ____.
Alcoholic Fermentation
If both of Timmy's parents have the X-linked disease, color blindness, how likely is it that Timmy inherited color blindness from his father?
0%
Fat acting as an insulator in aquatic mammals is an example of ___.
homeostasis
A prokaryote is 3.19 µm in diameter. If drawn 21 times larger than its actual size, what diameter will the drawing be in mm?
0.067 mm
State the 4 main structures in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
1. Photosystem II
2. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
3. Photosystem I
4. ATP Synthase
Outline the 3 steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
1. Denaturation – heat DNA to separate strands
2. Annealing – cooled so primers can attach
3. Extension – deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are added 5’ to 3‘ by Taq DNA polymerase
Find the chi squared value with an observed ratio of 67:0:2:3 and and an expected ratio of 18:18:18:18 and state the hypothesis that must be applied.
178.11; Alternative hypothesis
What is the molecule that serves as energy storage in plants and its two components?
starch; amylose and amylopectin
What are the six major functions of membrane proteins?
1. Transport
2. Enzymatic activity
3. Attachment to the Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix
4. Cell-cell communication (Glycoproteins)
5. Cell Adhesion (CAM)
6. Receptor Proteins
State the 3 phases of the Calvin Cycle and their products.
1. Carbon Fixation; glycerate 3-phosphate (GP)
2. Reduction; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (TP)
3. Regeneration; 5-carbon RuBP
State the 4 phases of cellular respiration and their products.
1. Glycolysis; pyruvate, ATP, NADH
2. Link Reaction; acetyl-CoA, NADH, CO₂
3. Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle; CO₂, ATP, NADH, FADH₂
4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC); ATP, H₂O
State the names and results of the 4 phases of mitosis
1. Prophase; Chromosomes are prepared for movement
2. Metaphase; Chromosomes are positioned for equal separation
3. Anaphase; Each pole receives an identical set of chromosomes
4. Telophase; Two identical nuclei are formed