DNA Packaging
What is the simplest form of DNA?
Chromatin
Which scientist used x-ray crystallography to determine the structure of DNA?
Helicase
What are the two different types of genetic mutations?
Gene and chromosome
What are the matching bases for DNA?
AT CG
What does chromatin wrap around to make nucleosomes?
Histones
What is Chargraff's Rule?
A always goes with T
C always goes with G
What are the 2 functions of DNA Polymerase?
DNA Polymerase builds the new strand of DNA by adding nucleotides to the appropriate bases (AT CG) and covalently bonding the sugar and phosphate backbones together.
Name three mutagens
Chemicals, radiation, cigarettes, processed foods, bacteria, viruses, etc
What is the difference between deoxyribose sugar and ribose sugar?
Deoxyribose sugar is missing a hydroxol group (OH)
What is a sister chromatid?
Two identical chromatids that both make up one chromosome to be used in cell replication
What did Watson & Crick do?
Stole Franklin's work and built models to determine that DNA was a double helix shape with base pairs A-T and G-C in rungs between the sugar/phosphate backbone of DNA
How does the lagging strand work in DNA replication?
Judge answer
What are the three types of gene mutations and which ones are frameshift mutations?
Insertion and deletion (Frameshift) and substitution
What is the structure of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base
Where are two sister chromatids attached?
Judge given answer
What enzyme works to add DNA to the telomeres to prevent the ends of chromosomes from shortening each time DNA is copied?
Telomerase
What are the types of chromosomal mutations?
Duplication, Deletion, Inversion, Translocation
What DNA base is used in RNA but not in DNA
Uracil instead of Thymine
BONUS: What do you call chromatin wrapped around a h1 histone and what is special about h1 histone?
Chromatosome; it helps with the compaction of nucleosomes
Describe Griffith's experiment and how Oswald followed it up.
Judge given answer
Why is DNA replication semiconservative?
Because for each of the two new complete strands of DNA, one strand of nucleotides is from the original template and the other strand is newly made.
Why are insertion and deletion worse than substitution?
What kind of bonds hold the bases together and how many are there for AT and CG?
Hydrogen; double for AT triple for CG