Heat Cramps
This electrolyte-depleting condition is usually the FIRST stage of heat stress.
What are heat cramps?
Heat exhaustion is identified by this type of skin — cold and this texture.
What is cold and clammy skin?
This is the key distinguishing skin sign of heat stroke versus heat exhaustion.
What is dry and HOT skin (not sweating)?
Frostbite occurs in body extremities. Name three of the five most common sites.
What are fingers, toes, feet, hands, tip of nose, and ears (any 3)?
Hypothermia is the systemic cooling of the entire body — this system is the first to be affected.
What is the circulatory system?
Heat cramps most commonly occur in these two parts of the body.
What are the legs and abdomen?
Unlike heat stroke, a heat exhaustion patient's core body temperature has NOT yet done this.
What is rise uncontrollably?
Heat stroke is caused by the body's absolute failure to do this, causing core temperature to rise.
What is regulate heat (hyperthermia)?
In early-stage frostbite, skin color progresses from red to this color and texture.
What is white and waxy?
The two hallmark symptoms of early-stage hypothermia.
What are uncontrollable shivering and numbness?
Beyond muscle cramps, a patient may feel this pair of symptoms: general weakness and this.
What is dizziness or faintness?
Two breathing signs of heat exhaustion: breathing becomes rapid AND this.
What is shallow?
These three serious neurological signs can appear in heat stroke patients.
What are possible unconsciousness, seizures, and muscular twitching?
This is the correct early frostbite treatment when hands or feet are affected.
What is placing them in a teammate's armpit (body heat)?
In hypothermia treatment, you warm the CENTRAL body first — NOT the extremities — to prevent this danger.
What is cold blood rushing back to the core, potentially causing cardiac arrest?
To treat heat cramps, you should massage the area AND apply these to the forehead and cramped muscle.
What are moist towels?
When treating heat exhaustion, you fan the patient's skin to promote this process.
What is sweat evaporation?
The single most important treatment priority for heat stroke is to do this as rapidly as possible.
What is cool the patient?
In late-stage frostbite, skin turns mottled, then yellow, then this final color.
What is greyish-blue?
These three specific body locations should receive hot packs in hypothermia treatment.
What are the neck, armpits, and groin?
Besides water, you should give this type of drink to replenish electrolytes lost during heat cramps.
What is salted water or a commercial electrolyte (e.g., Gatorade)?
A heat exhaustion patient who is conscious should receive fluids. If unconscious, skip fluids and do this.
What is treat for shock and transport to a medical care facility?
When immersion isn't possible, apply ice packs to these four specific body locations.
What are armpits, groin, under the neck, and behind the knees?
You must NEVER do this to a frostbitten body part — it breaks ice crystals and causes permanent damage.
What is massage it?
A late-stage hypothermia patient must be handled this way and placed in this position during transport.
What is very gently, in a head-down position?