energy flow in ecosystems
cycling of materials
how ecosystems change
fill in the blank
grab bag
100
Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Plants and other producers get their energy directly from the sun. b. Animals get their energy from the sun indirectly. c. Rare bacteria that live deep in the ocean get their energy from hydrogen sulfide in hot water. d. Consumers get their energy directly from the sun.
What is d. Consumers get their energy directly from the sun.
100
Which of the following does not contain carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago? a. coal c. natural gas b. oil d. phosphate salts
What is d. phosphate salts
100
Succession is possible because a. climates change over time. b. it is a rapid and chaotic process that is very difficult to control. c. existing plants reproduce quickly. d. new species make the environment less suitable for previous ones.
What is d. new species make the environment less suitable for previous ones.
100
A process in which energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules is called _________________________.
What is photosynthesis?
100
Horses and cattle are ____________________ because they eat only producers.
What are herbivores?
200
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers? a. decomposers c. omnivores b. herbivores d. All of the above
What is b. herbivores
200
Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only when transformed by bacteria first? a. nitrogen c. hydrogen b. oxygen d. carbon dioxide
What is a. nitrogen
200
Which of the following is an example of secondary succession? a. breaking down of bare rock by fungi and mosses b. pioneer plants begin to grow after glacial melting c. growth of plants after a forest is destroyed by fire d. appearance of weeds in cracks in a concrete surface
What is c. growth of plants after a forest is destroyed by fire
200
Organisms that get their food by breaking down dead organisms are called ____________________.
What is decomposers?
200
A lion is an example of a group of consumers called ____________________.
What are carnivores?
300
Consumers are organisms that a. eat only other animal species. b. get solar or other energy indirectly. c. are also known as self-feeders. d. occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy level.
What is b. get solar or other energy indirectly.
300
Plants play a crucial role in the carbon cycle because they a. do not release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. b. allow carbon to enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis. c. have special bacteria that live in their root systems. d. are chemically converted into fossil fuels when burned.
What is b. allow carbon to enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis.
300
Which of the following is not a likely component of soil formed during primary succession? a. cast-off parts of shrubs and trees c. dust particles from the air b. decayed lichens and bacteria d. broken bits of stone and rock
What is a. cast-off parts of shrubs and trees, dust particles from the air
300
The first organisms to colonize any newly available area are known as _________________________.
What is pioneer species?
300
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain? a. leopard seal c. krill b. algae d. killer whale
What is b. algae
400
The energy consumed by organisms a. can be stored in fat and sugar molecules. b. remains constant at all trophic levels. c. undergoes magnification in food chains. d. is not partially lost during digestion.
What is a. can be stored in fat and sugar molecules.
400
The bacteria that live within the roots of a soybean plant are a critical part of the nitrogen cycle because they a. provide the plant with sugars needed for growth. b. transform nitrates into nitrogen gas for release. c. change atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form. d. release nitrogen by decomposing dead plant parts.
What is c. change atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form.
400
What type of succession occurs after a natural process such as a volcanic eruption or flood? a. primary succession c. old-field succession b. secondary succession d. climax community
What is b. secondary succession
400
During primary succession, ____________________ often begin the process by breaking down the rocks into soil.
What are lichens?
400
What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem? a. food web c. energy pyramid b. food chain d. energy transfer
What is a. food web
500
If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to use? a. 90 percent c. 10 percent b. 50 percent d. 1 percent
What is c. 10 percent
500
Which statement describes how humans are affecting the balance of carbon in the atmosphere? a. Fewer agricultural crops are planted, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. b. Burning fossil fuels in great quantities has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. c. Overgrazing of grasslands has reduced the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. d. Severe drought in large areas of the world has decreased the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere.
What is b. Burning fossil fuels in great quantities has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
500
What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years? a. short grasses c. young pine trees b. shrubs d. tall, mature oak trees
What is d. tall, mature oak trees
500
On new islands formed by volcanic activity, you will most likely find ____________________ succession.
What is primary?
500
In deep-ocean ecosystems, the _________________________ that escapes from the cracks in the ocean floor is used by bacteria to make their own food.
What is hydrogen sulfide?
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