🧬 MITOSIS
This is the type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
mitosis
This type of cell division produces gametes such as sperm and egg cells.
meiosis
The basic unit of heredity that carries information for a particular characteristic.
gene
Differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species are called this.
Variation
The process by which organisms with favourable inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce is called this.
natural selection
During this stage of mitosis, chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
metaphase
Human gametes contain this number of chromosomes.
23
An organism with two identical alleles for a particular gene is described by this term.
homozygous
Give two sources of genetic variation
Meiotic Crossing Over, Random Fertilization, Independent Assortment, Genetic Mutation
Some animals have traits that help them live and survive. What is a helpful trait called?
adaptation
During this stage, sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.
Anaphase
One diploid cell undergoing meiosis normally produces this many haploid cells.
Four (4)
If B represents the dominant allele for brown eyes and b represents the recessive allele, this genotype is heterozygous.
Bb
What is the difference between a monogenic trait and a polygenic trait
A monogenic trait is controlled by one gene, while a polygenic trait is controlled by two or more genes.
Example:
What happens to a helpful trait in a population when organisms with that trait survive and have more offspring?
The trait becomes more common in the population.
A human body cell has 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?
46 chromosomes
This process involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Crossing Over
In a cross between Bb × Bb, this is the probability of producing a bb offspring.
25%
State one environmental factor that can cause differences between individuals.
Examples include diet, climate, exercise, sunlight, or access to resources.
A farmer wants plants that can resist a disease. Scientists change the plant's genes to give it this trait. What is this an example of?
Bioengineering.
Explain why mitosis is important for growth and repair of the human body.
It produces new genetically identical cells that replace damaged, dead, or old cells and allow the body to grow.
Explain why the four cells produced by meiosis are genetically different from one another.
Genetic variation results from processes such as crossing over and the independent assortment of chromosomes.
Two parents have the genotypes Tt × tt, where T is dominant for tall plants. What percentage of their offspring would be expected to be short?
50%
Explain the difference between continuous and discontinuous variation and give one example of each.
Continuous variation has a range of values, such as height; discontinuous variation has distinct categories, such as blood group.
A farmer wants crops that are more resistant to a particular disease. Explain how bioengineering could potentially help produce such crops.
Scientists can alter or introduce genetic information associated with disease resistance so that the plants have a greater ability to resist the disease.