Module 5
This molecule carries genetic information in most organisms.
DNA
This technique allows scientists to produce millions of copies of a DNA sequence
PCR
The body's first line of defence includes skin and these linings of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
Mucous membranes
This organ contains nephrons that regulate water and solute concentrations in the blood.
kidney
This hormone maintains the uterine lining during pregnancy.
progesterone
Crossing over occurs during this stage of meiosis
Prophase I
This gene-editing technology uses guide RNA to target a specific DNA sequence.
CRISPR/Cas-9
Immunity produced when a person's own immune system responds to an antigen.
active immunity
The inability of the eye to focus nearby objects clearly is known as this.
hyperopia
This technology can be used to identify individuals by analysing variable regions of their DNA.
DNA profiling
This type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in a heterozygote.
Co-dominance
This process involves introducing functional genetic material into cells to treat or prevent disease.
Gene Therapy
These proteins bind specifically to antigens.
antibodies
This part of the brain detects changes in body temperature
hypothalamus
Histamine released during inflammation causes blood vessels to undergo this change, increasing blood flow to the affected area.
Vasodilation
A DNA mutation changes a codon and creates a stop codon. This type of mutation is called
nonsense
This type of mutation occurs when a nucleotide is added to a DNA sequence and alters the reading frame.
Insertion/frameshift mutation
Immunity acquired when ready-made antibodies are received from another source is called this.
Researchers compare people with a particular disease to people without the disease and investigate their previous exposure to a suspected risk factor.
case-control study
Unlike viruses and bacteria, this infectious agent consists primarily of an abnormally folded protein.
prion
This enzyme attaches free nucleotides to the complementary DNA strand in DNA replication
DNA polymerase (III)
This mechanism causes allele frequencies to change randomly, particularly in small populations.
Genetic Drift
A microorganism is isolated from a diseased organism, cultured, introduced into a healthy host and then reisolated. These procedures demonstrate this concept.
Kochs postulates
This hormone lowers blood glucose levels.
insulin
These cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies.
b cells