Bony Markings
This large projection on the lateral proximal femur serves as an attachment point for the gluteus medius.
Greater Trochanter
This four-headed muscle group is the primary extensor of the knee joint.
Quadriceps Femoris
BONUS - (can you name them all?)
All three hamstring muscles share this common bony origin point.
Ischial Tuberosity
The largest nerve in the human body, it splits into the tibial and common fibular nerves.
Sciatic Nerve
This major artery changes its name from the external iliac artery once it passes the inguinal ligament.
Femoral Artery
The palpable "shin bone" ridge running down the anterior tibia.
Anterior Border of the Tibia
The longest muscle in the human body, it flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip.
Sartorius
BONUS: Where does it originate?
The common insertion site for the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles
Calcaneus
Damage to this nerve causes "foot drop" due to paralysis of the anterior leg compartment.
Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve
The longest vein in the body, frequently harvested for cardiac bypass surgery.
Great Saphenous Vein
The large, rough projection on the proximal anterior tibia where the patellar ligament attaches.
Tibial Tuberosity
This superficial calf muscle plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee.
Gastrocnemius
BONUS: What nerve innervates?
The specific origin of the rectus femoris muscle, setting it apart from the rest of the quadriceps.
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
BONUS: Where does it cross that makes it different from the other quadriceps?
This nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh, including the quadriceps.
Femoral Nerve
The femoral artery changes its name to this after passing through the adductor hiatus.
Popliteal Artery
The bony medial bump of the ankle formed by the distal end of the tibia.
Medial Malleolus
This deep calf muscle is a pure plantarflexor because it does not cross the knee joint.
Soleus
BONUS: What does it insert into?
This lateral hip muscle originates on the ilium and inserts onto the greater trochanter.
Gluteus Medius/Minimus
This nerve passes through the obturator foramen to innervate the medial thigh adductors.
Obturator Nerve
This artery can be easily palpated on the dorsum of the foot, lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon.
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
This deep depression on the posterior femur separates the medial and lateral condyles.
Intercondylar Fossa
This muscle unlocks the knee joint by medially rotating the tibia on a fixed femur.
Popliteus
BONUS: What artery passes through?
The distal insertion point for the tibialis anterior muscle on the foot.
Medial Cuniform & First Metatarsal
The spinal nerve roots that form the sacral plexus
L4 to S4
These structures in lower limb veins prevent the backflow of blood against gravity.
Venous Valves