Ch 1 Kinematics
Hip abduction occurs in this cardinal plane of motion.
What is the frontal (coronal) plane?
This class of lever places the muscle force between the axis and the resistance and is the most common lever in the human body.
What is a third-class lever?
This connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers and is the site of metabolic activity between vessels and muscle fibers.
What is the endomysium?
The muscle role that opposes the action of the agonist.
What is an antagonist?
The primary muscle that protracts the scapula and assists with upward rotation.
What is the serratus anterior?
This type of movement analysis describes how bones move through space, such as flexion, extension, and rotation.
What is osteokinematics?
Velocity divided by time gives this measurement of motion.
What is acceleration?
These are the thick filaments responsible for forming cross-bridges during muscle contraction.
What is myosin?
While lowering yourself into a chair, the quadriceps perform this type of contraction.
What is an eccentric contraction?
This shoulder complex articulation is not considered a true synovial joint.
What is the scapulothoracic joint?
The wrist can perform flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation, giving it this number of degrees of freedom.
What is 2 degrees of freedom (biaxial)?
A body moving at a constant velocity with no acceleration is in this type of equilibrium.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
During depolarization, this ion rapidly enters the cell.
What is sodium (Na⁺)?
A clinician applies heat before stretching a patient's hamstrings. The primary goal is to decrease this tissue property.
What is viscosity?
During GH abduction (OKC), the convex humeral head rolls and glides in these directions.
What is superior roll and inferior glide?
This synovial joint position is characterized by maximum congruency, stability, and taut soft tissues.
What is the closed-packed position?
A patient seated in a wheelchair suddenly stops after hitting a curb, but their upper body continues moving forward. This phenomenon is best explained by this law.
What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
A patient slips on an icy sidewalk. Before falling, the quadriceps are rapidly stretched. The immediate contraction that occurs in the quadriceps is primarily due to activation of this receptor.
What is the muscle spindle?
During a standing knee extension, the quadriceps extend the knee while the gluteus medius contracts isometrically to stabilize the pelvis. The gluteus medius is serving this role.
What is a synergist (stabilizer)?
The normal scapulohumeral rhythm ratio during shoulder elevation is this.
What is 2:1 (GH motion to scapular motion)?
A patient demonstrates hip flexion. To correctly identify the movement analysis, the PT states the motion occurs in what plane and axis.
What is the sagittal plane and frontal (medial-lateral) axis?
A PT notices a patient leaning forward while holding a box. The horizontal distance between the box and lumbar spine increases. This change increases lumbar demand primarily because it increases this biomechanical variable.
What is the moment arm (lever arm)?
A PT is treating a patient who demonstrates poor postural endurance but can still generate brief powerful contractions. Dysfunction of this muscle fiber type would most likely explain the deficit.
What are Type I fibers?
A patient attempts simultaneous hip flexion and knee extension. Motion is limited because the muscle crossing both joints cannot lengthen further. Which muscle is MOST likely responsible and what is this phenomenon called.
What are the hamstrings demonstrating passive insufficiency?
During shoulder flexion to full elevation, the scapula primarily performs these three motions.
What are upward rotation, elevation, and posterior tilt?