CARDIOVASCULAR
Which blood vessels are responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What is the primary dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs that drives breathing?
The diaphragm
What are the two primary organs that make up the central nervous system?
The brain and the spinal cord
What long, muscular tube connects the back of the throat down to the stomach?
The esophagus
What bony structure protects the delicate tissue of the brain?
The skull (cranium)
What is the name of the largest artery in the human body?
The aorta
What common anatomical name is given to the trachea?
The windpipe
What is the name of the specialized, impulse-conducting fundamental cell of the nervous system?
A neuron
In which section of the digestive tract does the vast majority of nutrient and water absorption take place?
The small intestine
What is the common anatomical name for the patella?
The kneecap
Through which specific major vein does deoxygenated blood return to the heart from the lower half of the body?
The inferior vena cava
What are the tiny, grape-like air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles where gas exchange takes place?
Alveoli
Which division of the peripheral nervous system regulates involuntary body functions, such as heart rate and digestion?
The autonomic nervous system
What is the name of the wave-like muscular contractions that push food along the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
What tough band of fibrous connective tissue connects skeletal muscles to bones?
A tendon
What term describes the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles pump blood out?
Systole
Which of the two human lungs is slightly larger and divided into three lobes to accommodate the heart?
The right lung
What is the largest region of the human brain, responsible for higher-level thinking and voluntary actions?
The cerebrum
What is the name of the very first, shortest section of the small intestine that immediately follows the stomach?
The duodenum
What strong fibrous connective tissue connects one bone to another bone at a joint?
A ligament
What is the medical term for the smooth innermost lining of the heart chambers and valves?
The endocardium
What specialized cells in the respiratory tract secrete mucus to trap dust, pathogens, and foreign particles?
Goblet cells
What collective term is given to the non-neuronal support cells of the central nervous system (such as astrocytes and microglia)?
Glial cells (Neuroglia)
What specific enzyme found in human saliva initiates the chemical breakdown of starches into sugars?
Salivary amylase (Ptyalin)
What soft, spongy tissue found inside the hollow cavities of bones is responsible for producing blood cells?
Bone marrow