The Neolithic Revolution
What does it mean when an animal is domesticated?
It is an animal (like a goat or pig) that is controlled, tamed, and used for human benefit.
Mesopotamia was located between which two major rivers?
The Tigris River and the Euphrates River
What is the name of the famous ancient legal code created in Mesopotamia around 1780 BCE?
The Code of Hammurabi
What were early Paleolithic humans called because they searched for wild plants and hunted animals for food?
Hunter-gatherers (or foragers)
What is P.I.E?
Persuade, Inform and Entertain
How did humans during the Paleolithic Age get their food before farming was invented?
By foraging, hunting, fishing and trapping.
What ancient agricultural innovation did Mesopotamians use to carry water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers directly to their farm fields?
Canals (or irrigation systems)
Why was the Code of Hammurabi a major contribution to the development of civilization?
It recorded existing laws for all citizens to see.
What kind of natural shelters did Paleolithic people often use for protection from weather and wild animals?
Caves (or rock shelters)
What is Persuade?
When the writer is trying to convince you of something.
How did human roles change during the Neolithic Age compared to the Paleolithic Age?
Paleolithic humans were hunters and gatherers, while Neolithic humans became farmers and herdsmen.
What curved region of rich farmland stretching from Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean coast is nicknamed for its shape and fertile soil?
The Fertile Crescent
Why was it necessary for ancient rulers like Hammurabi to create a written code of laws for their societies?
To maintain order, settle disputes, protect property, and make sure everyone knew the rules and punishments.
What material did Paleolithic humans primarily use to make their tools and weapons?
Stone (as well as bone or wood)
What is the difference between a primary source and a secondary source?
A primary source is a firsthand artifact or document from the time period; a secondary source is an account created later by someone who was not there.
What major shift in how humans got their food marked the start of the Neolithic Age?
The shift from a food-gathering economy (hunting/foraging) to a food-producing economy (farming/herding).
What imaginary line divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere?
The Equator
What kind of primary source would best help a historian understand how different social classes interacted in Mesopotamia?
An artwork or carving showing different groups (like priests and laborers) together during a ceremony.
Why were Paleolithic hunter-gatherer groups usually small in size?
A given area of land could only support a limited number of people through natural food supplies without farming.
What four components must you include in a Short Constructed Response?
Claim, Context, Evidence, and Reasoning. (Claim, Context, Evidence, Reasoning, Evidence, Reasoning)
Why were Paleolithic humans at a higher risk of starving than Neolithic humans?
Paleolithic humans could not control their food supply and depended entirely on nature, while Neolithic humans grew crops and bred animals.
How does a location's distance from the Equator affect its climate and growing season for agriculture?
Regions closer to the Equator generally have warmer climates and longer growing seasons compared to regions farther north or south.
Based on the Code of Hammurabi, did all people receive the exact same punishments, or did punishments depend on social class and who was harmed?
Punishments depended on social class and who was harmed (for example, crimes against the state or high-ranking captains carried harsher penalties than crimes against private citizens).
What major discovery or control of a natural element helped Paleolithic humans survive cold climates, cook food, and ward off predators?
Fire (or controlling fire)
Source Prompt: "I am Hammurabi, the noble king. I have set up my precious words on my monument to establish justice in the land and protect the weak from the strong." What type of Source is this?
Primary Source