Biochemistry
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic molecules typically have carbon and hydrogen, while inorganic molecules either have one or neither.
How many total bones are in the average adult body?
206
This classic "ecological engineer" builds dams that dramatically alter local hydrology and create new wetlands
Beavers!
Unlike eukaryotes, these single-celled organisms completely lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Prokaryotes
This structure connects the brain to the rest of the body and transmits signals to and from the brain
Spinal chord
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To catalyze reactions occurring in the body.
This large part of the brain is divided into two hemispheres and controls higher functions like thinking and memory.
Cerebrum
Organisms that produce their own food
Autotrophs (producers also accepted)
What is the main purpose of the mitochondria?
Producing energy for the cell in the form of ATP.
Low levels of this neurotransmitter are associated with depression
Serotonin
What are the four main macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
These tough bands of tissue connect bone to bone.
Ligaments
The role an organism plays in its environment is its ___
niche
This is the process of "programmed cell death" that allows multicellular organisms to cleanly remove damaged or unwanted cells.
Apoptosis
The brain region critical for consolidating short-term memories into long-term memories
Hippocampus
What are the three parts of a nucleotide (monomer of DNA/RNA)?
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base
These tiny, thin-walled air sacs in the lungs are the primary site for gas exchange.
Sinoatrial node
The relationship between bees and flowers is an example of this type of symbiosis
Mutualism
This organelle stores catalase, an enzyme that breaks down H2O2 in the cell.
Peroxisome
These types of brain waves are most associated with deep sleep
Delta waves
What essential coenzyme acts as the primary fuel delivery molecule for the Krebs cycle, bridging glycolysis and cellular respiration?
Acetyl-CoA
This structure in the nephron of a kidney is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood plasma
Glomerulus
The relationship between whales and barnacles is an example of this type of symbiosis
Commensalism
Describe the process of transcription and translation, as well as identifying the locations of each of these processes in the cell. (in eukaryotes)
Transcription: The process where an enzyme called RNA polymerase reads a DNA strand and builds a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) copy. In the nucleus.
Translation: The process where ribosomes read the mRNA code in three-letter sets (codons) and use transfer RNA (tRNA) to link amino acids together into a protein chain. In the cytoplasm, at the ribosomes.
This dopaminergic pathway in the brain is primarily associated with motivation and reward
Mesolimbic pathway