Primary Risk Factors
How often should you ask your GP to have your blood pressure checked? (from the age of 18)
Every 2 years
Increased blood pressure can cause a blood vessel to weaken and bulge, forming an?
Aneurysm
How could dyspnea be examined in a clinical setting?
Patient could undergo a stress test, a patient is attached to ECG leads and asked to walk on a treadmill, to see if activity significantly increases cardiac output.
Above what blood pressure is considered HT
140/90mmHg (on multiple readings)
Name 2 factors the make older individuals at higher risk of high blood risk.
Name two severe events caused by hardening and thickening of the arteries due to high blood pressure?
Heart attack and stroke
What does high cholesterol cause in the heart?
With high cholesterol, you can develop fatty deposits in your blood vessels. Eventually, these deposits grow, making it difficult for enough blood to flow through your arteries.
Which artery is blood pressure auscultated at?
brachial artery
Name 3 parts of diet that someone can reduce their risk of HT with
lower sodium intake, lower alcohol intake, reduce saturated fat intake
How can HT lead to eye problems?
What do troponin levels indicate?
levels of troponin T or troponin I proteins in the blood. These proteins are released when the heart muscle has been damaged, such as occurs with a heart attack. The more damage there is to the heart, the greater the amount of troponin T and I there will be in the blood.
What blood pressure is considered a medical emergency?
180/120mmHg
Name 4 conditions/factors that can lead to secondary HT
Adrenal gland tumors, Congenital heart defects, Cough and cold medicines, some pain relievers, birth control pills, and other prescription drugs, Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines, Kidney disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Thyroid problems
Narrowed or blocked arteries can limit blood flow to the brain. This can cause
Vascular dementia
What are four generic investigations that could be conducted for Cardiovascular Disease?
Troponin test, Total Cholesterol Test, ECG, Blood sugar test (A1C TEST).
What are the sounds to listen for during auscultation? (Name what they are called and make the sound)
Korotkoff sounds, WOOSH WOOSH WOOSH
Name 5 factors risk factors for HT
Age, race, family hx, obesity/being overweight, lack of exercise, tobacco/vaping, too much salt, low potassium levels, drinking too much alcohol, stress, chronic conditions, pregnancy
What is Metabolic syndrome and how does it affect blood pressure?
a group of disorders of the body's metabolism. It involves the irregular breakdown of glucose. The syndrome includes increased waist size, high triglycerides, decreased HDLs ("good") cholesterol, high blood pressure and high blood sugar levels.
These conditions make you more likely to develop diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
What HT complications would you find on an ECG?
left ventricular hypertrophy (high voltage QRS), widened p wave, changes in ST segment
What device is considered most accurate to measure blood pressure? And name 4 factors that can affect reading.
Sphygmomanometer (manual). Blood pressure cuff is too small or too big, shivering, talking, legs crossed, arm unsupported