The One and not the Two
This immunodeficiency is characterised by a deficiency of both B and T cells and results in increased susceptibility to viral, bacterial, fungal, and protazoal infections
What is severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?
*Bonus: 2 types, their genetics, and where they occur*
What are:
1. Epidemiology
2. Immune defect
Not on exam but needed a 5th one
This naked hepatitis virus belongs to the hepeviridae family (+sense single stranded RNA virus with an icosahedral capsid) and is transmitted via fecal-oral transmission
What is hepatitis E?
This is what shows on the hepatitis B serology of a patient who has been immunized
What is anti-Hbs only?
This class of transplant rejection is because of preformed antibodies
What is hyperacute transplant rejection?
*Bonus: what is/are the primary cause(s) and the general time frame?*
This immunodeficiency is characterised by a mutation in NADPH oxidase resulting in defective bactericidal activity and increased susceptibility to catalase positive organisms
What is chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
Defects in this cell result in recurrent thrush, PJP pneumonia, secrere HSV and VZV recurrence, aspergillus (and other fungal) infections, nocardia, and CMV
What are T-cell defects?
This hepatitis virus is a picornavirus (naked positive sense single-stranded RNA with an icosahedral capsid) and is transmitted via fecal-oral transmission in contaminated water.
What is hepatitis A?
*Bonus: how do you diagnose it and is there a vaccine*
This is what shows on the hepatitis serology of a patient who has a resolved hepatitis B infection
What are anti-Hbs and anti-Hbc?
*Bonus: which Ig shows up*
This class of transplant rejection is because of CD4 cells and macrophages
What is chronic transplant rejection?
*Bonus: what is/are the primary cause(s) and the general time frame?*
This immunodeficiency is characterised by an absence of mature B cells and very low Ig levels resulting in recurrent bacterial infections
What is X-linked agammaglobinemia?
*Bonus: stage(s) that is/are affected in lymphocyte development*
Defects in this aspect of the immune system result in recurrent sinopulmonary infections or bacteremia with encapsulated organisms and/or chronic GI infections
What are antibody defects?
This hepatitis virusoid belonging to the deltavirus family (anti-sense circular RNA, enveloped) that needs another hepatitis virus to be activated
What is hepatitis D?
*Bonus: which hepatitis virus does it need*
This is what shows on the hepatitis B serology of a patient who has chronic infection
What are: HbsAg, anti-Hbc?
*Bonus: which Ig shows up?*
*HbeAg may or may not be present
This mechanism of autoimmunity is characterised by an active response generated against epitopes common to microbe and host tissue
What is cross-reactive foreign antigen?
*Bonus: what's an example?*
This immunodeficiency is characterised by an absence of mature T cells and results in increased susceptibility to intracellular bacteria, viruses, and fungi
What is DiGeorge syndrome?
*Bonus: stage(s) that is/are affected in lymphocyte development*
Defects in this cell AND aspect of the immune system result in recurrent cutaneous infections
What are neutrophil defects AND integument defects?
This hepatitis virus belongs to the flavivirus family (enveloped, positive sense single stranded RNA virus with an icosahedral capsid). It is typically transmitted through needles and is the most likely (of the hepatitis viruses) to be chronic
What is Hepatitis C?
*Bonus: how do you diagnose, when do you diagnose, is there a vaccine (if no why)*
This is what shows on the hepatitis B serology of a patient who is early in the acute infection stage
What are: HbsAg and HbeAg?
This class of transplant rejection is because of alloreactive CD8 cells
What is acute transplant rejection?
*Bonus: what is/are the primary cause(s) and the general time frame?*
This immunodeficiency is characterised by low total serum concentration of Igs likely due to faulty B cell differentiation into plasma cells and results in recurrent episodes of bronchitis and sinusitis as well as increased incidence of autoimmune disorders in patients
What is Common Variable Immunodeficiency?
These factors (4) are different about immunocompromised patients
What are:
1. Rapid progression
2. Decreased or absence of usual signs or symptoms
3. Unusual sites of infection
4. Unusual/opportunistic pathogens
This hepatitis virus belongs to the hepadnaviridae family (enveloped partially double stranded circular DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid). It is typically sexually transmitted (more so than via needle sharing or vertical transmission). It can result in a chronic state but is less likely than another hepatitis virus
What is hepatitis B?
*Bonus: what are the parts of the serology, what is the window period (+ serology at this phase), how do you use serology to differentiate between acute and chronic infection*
This is what shows on the hepatitis B serology of a patient who is later in the acute infection stage
What are: HbsAg, HbeAg, anti-Hbs, and anti-Hbc
*Bonus: which Ig shows up?*
During embryogenesis, antigens that are absent aren't recognised as self. This mechanism of autoimmunity is shown later in life from exposure through trauma or infection
What is sequestered antigen theory?