Particulate Nature of Matter
CO2(g) dissolved in H2O vs CO2 produced from combustion
Mixture vs chemical product
Decreases in size from left to right on the periodic table
Atomic radius
Formula to calculate molar volume of gas NOT at STP
V = nRT / P
A bond form when elements attain a full outer electron shell by transferring electrons
Ionic bond
Homologous class of compounds containing double bond(s)
alkenes
Has the same uniform composition throughout
Homogeneous mixture
A negatively charged particle of an atom
electron
High Pressure and Low Temperature
Conditions when real gases deviate most from ideal behavior
Two or more atoms sharing electrons
Covalent Bond
IUPAC name for a 4-carbon alkane with an hydroxyl on carbon 2
butan-2-ol
Sample contains particles that move in all directions, have the highest amount of energy and the weakest forces of attraction
gases
An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
isotope
At constant Temperature, volume is inversely proportional to its pressure
Boyle's law
London forces, permanent dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding
Intermolecular forces
A dark red-brown solution is produced when KI is mixed with
Br2 or Cl2 because they are both more reactive halogens and displace the less reactive halogen from solution
Explanation of energy change during melting
Heat energy supplied increases the potential energy of the substance to overcome forces between particles with no increase in kinetic energy
Group 1 of the periodic table
Alkali metals
Volume of 2 moles of CO2 at STP
45.4 dm3
These forces arise from polar bonds and asymmetry in molecules
Dipole-diole forces
Alcohols have a higher relative boiling point compared with comparable molecular mass aldehydes and alkanes because of
alcohols can form hydrogen bonds, where as the aldehydes can form dipole-dipole forces, and alkanes only form LDFs
All alloys are
mixtures
Compared with atomic radius, this increases for metals and decreases for nonmetals
Ionic radius
Assumptions of Ideal Gas Model
-particles in constant random motion
-particles have no volume
-no forces between particles
-all collission are elastic
These molecules are generally solube in nonpolar solvents
Nonpolar molecules
Trend in 1st ionization energy across period 3
Ar > Cl > S =P > Si > Mg > Al > Na