Biological Approach
What is the name of the chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons?
Neurotransmitters
What is the name for mental frameworks that organise knowledge and guide information processing?
Schemas
What is the process of learning the norms and values of one's own culture?
Enculturation
Which disorder is characterised by persistent low mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure?
What term describes voluntary behaviour intended to benefit another person?
Prosocial behaviour
What term describes the brain's ability to change in response to experience?
Neuroplasticity
In the Multi-Store Model, which memory store has a limited capacity of approximately 7 ± 2 items?
Short-term memory
According to Social Identity Theory, what is the term for a group to which an individual belongs?
In-group
Which diagnostic manual is published by the American Psychiatric Association?
What is the term for failing to intervene in an emergency because other people are present?
What is the name of the process by which inactive synaptic connections are eliminated?
Synaptic (or neural) pruning
What cognitive bias involves relying too heavily on an initial piece of information which unduly influences subsequent decisions?
Anchoring bias
In Social Cognitive Theory, what is the term for learning through watching others?
Observational learning
Which neurotransmitter is commonly discussed in the monoamine hypothesis of depression alongside noradrenaline and dopamine?
Serotonin
What is the term for reduced personal responsibility when other potential helpers are present?
Diffusion of Responsibility
Which approach to research compares people who share different proportions of their genes to investigate genetic influences?
Twin studies
According to Dual Processing Theory, which system is fast, automatic and intuitive?
System 1
What is the name of the process of changing one's beliefs or behaviour to fit the expectations of a group?
Conformity
In Beck's cognitive theory of depression, what are the three elements of the negative cognitive triad?
Negative views of the self, world and future
According to Social Identity Theory, which type of group membership can increase helping towards perceived fellow members?
Shared in-group membership
What is the term for the interaction in which environmental influences affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence?
Epigenetics
In the Working Memory Model, which component integrates information from different sources into coherent episodes?
Episodic buffer
What term describes adopting elements of a new culture while maintaining aspects of one's original culture?
Integration (an acculturation strategy)
What is the term for the proportion of a population that has a disorder at a particular point in time?
Point prevalence
What is the term for incorrectly assuming that others' lack of action means a situation is not an emergency?
Pluralistic ignorance