A Topics
Name 2 things ALL cells have in common.
Cytoplasm, DNA as genetic material, plasma membrane
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated = single bonds only, straight, solid at room temp.
Unsaturated = have at least 1 double bond, bend at that double bond, liquid at room temp.
Explain a chemical signalling process of your choice in detail.
Epinephrine (GPCRs), Insulin (tyrosine kinase), oestradiol (intercellular pathway), acetylcholine (voltage gated channels), Ca+ (voltage gated channels), quorum sensing (bacteria), inflammation (cytokines), etc.
What are hyper- hypo- and isotonic solutions?
Hypertonic = more solutes than the cell
Hypotonic = less solutes than the cell
Isotonic = same amount of solutes
What is an IV and a DV?
Independent Variable = what you change/control
Dependent Variable = what you measure
How does the ringed seal deal with water's specific heat capacity?
Blubber to insulate
What can the secondary structure of proteins look like?
Alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
What is the final product of the calvin cycle?
G3P / a triose-sugar
Compare and contrast DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.
Similarities: can elongate nucleotide strands at 3' end
Differences:
DNA polymerase can only attach to existing nucleotides, good at proofreading, can only do this one thing
RNA polymerase can unwind DNA, start a new strand, attach nucleotides, rewind DNA, end a strand, not great at proofreading
Put these things in the order they should be in in your IA:
Bibliography, Explanation of IV/DV/CVs, Processed Data, Introduction/Background, Raw Data, Evaluation, Conclusion, Interpretation of Data, Methodology
Introduction/Background
Explanation of IV, DV, CVs
Methodology
Raw Data
Processed Data
Interpretation of Data
Conclusion
Evaluation
Bibliography
Draw a basic nucleic acid.
Drawing
Name 3 properties of gas exchanging surfaces.
Permeable, large SA, moist, thin, strong blood supply
How do electrons get replaced in chlorophyll a after sunlight excites one out?
Splitting water into H+, e- and O2
It is a recessive X-linked disease, men don't have a second X to override the diseased gene
(Men can be affected with only 1 diseased X, women can only be affeced if they have 2 diseased Xs)
What p-value do we need in biology to be able to say something is statistically significant?
p<0.05
Name the 2 types of lifecycles a virus can go through.
Lytic & lysogenic
What is the function of cholesterol?
Stabilize membrane fluidity (keep fluid at low temp., keep stable at high temp.)
Explain non-competitive enzyme inhibition.
The non-competitive inhibitor binds to the allosteric site (not the active site) and changes the shape of the enzyme so that the substrate cannot bind anymore.
How do oestradiol and LH interact?
What's the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?
Inferential = statistical tests (correlation coefficient, ANOVA, t-test, etc.) to draw conclusions from the data
What theory does the Urey-Miller Experiment support?
Abiogenesis
What role does Ca+ play in muscle contractions?
Uncovers the binding site on actin for myosin to bind during contractions.
How does the ETC work in cellular respiration?
Electrons & H+ are brought there through NADPH & FADH2
The electrons power the proton pumps which pump H+ into the intermembrane space. H+ returns to the mitochondrial matrix along its own concentration gradient through a channel protein/enzyme complex ATP synthase which uses the energy from the movement of H+ to generate ATP
How does ADH support the body's hydration levels?
At low hydration, ADH is secreted and triggers aquapores to fuse with the collecting duct of the kidney to absorb more water from the forming urine
Each group member has to state, with reason, which statistical test is appropriate for their IA.
At your teacher's mercy