C1
Which group of elements have stable atoms?
Noble or inert gases.
The container holding an exothermic reaction will feel __.
warm or hot
The container holding an endothermic reaction will feel ___.
cool or cold
catalyst
A substance used to slow down a chemical reaction is called an __.
inhibitor
What is an alpha particle?
A helium nucleus (or a particle with 2 protons and 2 neutrons)
What is a beta particle?
a high energy electron
What two subatomic particles are involved in nuclear fission?
proton and neutron
What type of chemical bond forms between nitrogen and hydrogen?
covalent
What type of chemical bond forms between aluminum and nitrogen?
ionic
When is an atom considered to be stable?
When it has a full outermost energy level (or an octet or 8 valence electrons).
An endothermic reaction ___ heat.
An exothermic reaction __ heat.
releases
What is the main disadvantage of a nuclear fission power plant?
disposal of waste
What fraction of a radioisotope remains after 3 half-lives?
1/8th
If during nuclear decay, the daughter nucleus has one more proton than the parent nucleus, then a __ particle was emitted.
beta
How many dots are in aluminum's electron dot structure?
3
How many dots are in potassium's electron dot structure?
1
How many dots are in calcium's electron dot structure?
2
How many dots are in neon's electron dot structure?
8
How many dots are in sulfur's electron dot structure?
6
How many dots are in silicon's electron dot structure?
4
How many dots are in bromine's electron dot structure?
7
How many dots are in phosphorus's electron dot structure?
5
How does a cation differ from an anion.
A cation has a positive charge and an anion has a negative charge (or a cation is formed from atom losing electrons and anion is formed from atom gaining electrons).
The structure that results when atoms share electrons is called a ___.
molecule
What is the name of the compound that has 3 sodium atoms and 1 nitrogen atom?
sodium nitride
What is the name of the compound with a strontium atom and 2 fluorine atoms?
strontium fluoride
What is the name of the compound with a silicon atom and 2 oxygen atoms?
silicon dioxide
What is the name of the compound with one potassium atom and one iodine atom?
potassium iodide
What is the name of the compound with two chlorine atoms and one oxygen atom?
dichlorine monoxide
What is the formula for dihydrogen monoxide?
H2O
What is the formula for sulfur dichloride?
SCl2
What is the formula for barium oxide?
BaO
What is the formula for phosphorus tetrachloride?
PCl4
What is the formula for aluminum oxide?
Al2O3
sodium hydroxide reacts with copper (II) sulfate to yield sodium sulfate and copper (II) hydroxide. What type of reaction is this?
Double replacement (or displacement)
Aluminum sulfide yields aluminum and sulfur. What type of reaction is this?
Decomposition
Zinc combines with sulfur to yield zinc sulfide. What type of reaction is this?
Synthesis
The products are water and carbon dioxide. What type of reaction is this?
Combustion
What is a chemical bond?
The attraction between atoms, ions, or molecules.
Tells us how that atom will bond with another atom or if it will fail to react chemically.
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Atoms transfer (lose or gain) electrons in an ionic bond and share electrons in a covalent bond.
Describe how sodium and chlorine react chemically to form sodium chloride.
Chlorine reacts with potassium bromide to yield potassium chloride and bromine. What type of reaction is this?
Single Replacement
Name 3 advantages of nuclear fission as a power source.
1. no green house gases (clean energy)
2. Abundant power
3. Cheap power
Compare and contrast nuclear fission with fusion.
Compare: Both give abundant energy
Contrast: Fission is the splitting of an atom and fusion is the combining of 2 or more nuclei. (or fission has waste and fusion has no waste)
A radioisotope has a half-life of 10 days. How many days have passed when only 6.25% remains?
40 days