Key Terms
Who was a part of the Holy Alliance
Prussia, Russia, and Austria
How many colonies did the UK have on the East Coast of North America?
13
When did the French Revolution start?
1789
Which revolution led to Greek independence
1820
Cavour, Garbaldi, Emmanuel
Define liberalism
the powers of the monarch need to be restricted by a constituion that respected the sovereignty of the people and guaranteed individual liberties
Why were colonists opposed to taxes and what was the slogan that colonists used?
Colonists believed that it was unconstitutional for the British Parliament to tax them because they lacked elected representatives in that governing body.
"no taxation without representation"
How was Louis XVI killed
Which revolution made Belgium independent?
1830
Define divisive and unifying nationalism
Divisive Nationalism: called for the independence of different nations in a large empire
Unifying nationalism: called for unification of independent states or states under others control
Define Census Suffrage
The U.S. Constition of 1787 was the first constitution in history and established separation of powers. Explain what separation of powers means and state the 3 branched of government.
Separation of powers divides state responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent the concentration of power and avoid tyranny.
1. Legislative (creates laws)
2. Executive (enforcing laws)
3. Judicial (interpreting laws)
What were the 5 different stages of the French Revolution? State them chronologically
The National Assembly, The Constituent Assembly, The Legislative Assembly, The Convention, The Directory
1848
Which German state created the Zollverein and which German state DIDN'T join it.
Prussia organized the customs union and Austria was NOT a member
What was the Tea Act
Gave the English East Indian Company a monopoly on the sales of tea in the colonies
Who drafted the Declaration of Independence? What did it say?
Thimas Jefferson. Defended the priciples of national sovereignty, the separation of powers, and suffrage.
Describe the period called the Terror
During this period anyone suspected of not supporting the Republic could be tried and sentenced to death
What was one of the primary successes of the revolutions?
Even though many of these revolutions failed to achieve their immediate goals, they helped spread liberal and nationlist ideas across Europe, paving the way for later politcal changes.
Who was nicknamed the Iron Chancellor and what did he do?
Otto von Bismarck. He believed in unifying Germany through ‘blood and iron/fire,’ meaning war and strong leadership rather than debate. He carefully planned a series of wars to strengthen Prussia and bring the German states together under its control.
Define Zollverein
a Customs union. A free trade area without internal customs duties
What was the result of the American Revolution. Why was it important for future revolutions?
Independence / creation of the USA / constitution. It inspired other revolutions (like France) and spread ideas of liberty and rights. (answers up to the teachers discretion)
What were some of the causes of the French Revolution
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What is one common goal of the revolutions?
Liberalism / constitutions / rights / nationalism (answers up to the teachers discretion)
Provide a summary of the Italian unification
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