Stages of Healing
During this stage, a repaired tendon is weakest and should be protected from tensile loading.
cellular stage (days 2-4)
This nerve carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
facial nerve (CN VII)
This canal transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery.
optic canal
These large neurons are arranged in stacked columns resembling "Pringles."
Purkinje cells
This is the strongest muscle of mastication.
masseter
Fibroblasts primarily produce this collagen type during the early healing phase
Type III collagen
This cranial nerve innervates all pharyngeal muscles except the stylopharyngeus.
vagus nerve (CN X)
Cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI pass through this opening
superior orbital fissure
This cerebellar structure appears as a tree-like pattern of white matter on sagittal section.
arbor vitae
What are the muscles of mastication
Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid
During this healing stage, progressive resistive exercise becomes appropriate
maturation stage (days 60-360)
During the H-test, inability to abduct the eye suggests dysfunction of this nerve.
CN VI (Abducens)
The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) exits the skull through this foramen.
foramen ovale
This cerebellar division receives proprioceptive information from the body.
dorsal spinocerebellar division
This muscle abducts the eyeball and is innervated by CN VI
lateral rectus
During this stage, low-load slow PROM is most appropriate.
fibroplastic stage (days 5-21)
A patient cannot smile on the right side of the face and has loss of taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. This cranial nerve is most likely involved.
CN VII (Facial)
This cranial nerve exits the skull through the jugular foramen along with CN IX and CN XI.
Vagus Nerve
This cerebellar division receives input from the semicircular canals and vestibular nuclei.
vestibulocerebellar division
This muscle is responsible for full closure of the eyelids.
orbicularis oculi
During this stage, collagen fibers become more organized and tensile strength increases.
consolidation stage (days 21-60)
This cranial nerve provides parasympathetic control to the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.
CN X (Vagus)
A patient protrudes the tongue and it deviates. Imaging reveals compression of the structure transmitting CN XII.
hypoglossal canal
Damage to this artery may affect distal limb coordination through involvement of the anterior lobe and cerebellar nuclei.
SCA
This muscle retracts the corners of the mouth laterally
risorius