Direct Attack
This type of attack involves applying water directly onto the burning fuel until the fire is extinguished.
What is a Direct Attack?
This attack is used when firefighters cannot enter a burning building due to intense heat or looming structural collapse.
What is an Indirect Attack?
This is the first priority when dealing with a pressurized gas leak that is on fire.
What is protecting exposures?
This is the slow-moving part of a ground cover fire that burns opposite the direction of the wind.
What is the heel?
This is the most common risk to firefighters during fire suppression activities.
What is heat exhaustion?
When using a solid or straight stream during a direct attack, the water should be directed at this part of the fire.
What is the base of the fire?
An indirect attack relies on this process to displace oxygen and absorb heat within a confined space.
What is steam conversion?
You should never extinguish a burning gas leak unless you can perform this action immediately after.
What is shut off the gas supply?
This term refers to the fastest-growing part of a ground cover fire.
What is the head?
Before entering a burning structure, the nozzle operator must do this to ensure the line is purged of air.
What is "bleeding the line"?
This is the most efficient use of water on free-burning fires.
What is a Direct Attack?
This attack combines high-level steam production with a direct attack on the burning fuel.
What is a Combination Attack?
This phenomenon occurs when a liquid fuel container is heated, causing the internal pressure to exceed the vessel's strength.
What is a BLEVE?
When dealing with downed power lines, firefighters should maintain a distance equal to this many spans between utility poles.
What is one full span?
This term describes the process of searching for and extinguishing hidden or remaining spots of fire.
What is overhaul?
To prevent heat from masking the seat of the fire, firefighters should use this technique to apply water in short bursts.
What is "penciling"?
When performing a combination attack, the nozzle is often moved in one of these three patterns.
What are "T", "Z", or "O" patterns?
To approach a burning flammable gas cylinder, crews should use at least two 1.75-inch lines set to this nozzle pattern.
What is a wide-angle fog pattern?
This specific type of fire involves fuels like roots, peat, and organic matter found beneath the soil surface.
What is a ground fire?
This acronym is used to remind firefighters of the hazards of ground cover fires.
What is LCES?
During an interior attack, this must be coordinated with fire suppression to prevent flashover or injury to the crew.
What is ventilation?
This is the primary danger of using an indirect attack while victims or firefighters are still inside the structure.
What is thermal layering disruption?
When suppressing a Class B fire with foam, this method involves spraying foam onto a nearby structure so it flows down.
What is the Bank-down method?
To prevent electrical shock when walking away from a downed power line, firefighters should use this movement technique.
What is the shuffle step?
This is the designated area where unburned fuel is separated from the fire in a ground cover scenario.
What is a fire line?