Data Representation
What is the base of the hexadecimal number system?
16
Which type of data transmission sends data one bit at a time over a single wire?
Serial transmission
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
What type of software manages the computer's hardware and provides a platform for applications?
Operating System (OS)
What is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem called?
Algorithm
Convert the binary number 1011 to denary.
11
What term describes data transmission in both directions simultaneously?
Full-duplex
Which component of the CPU performs mathematical and logical operations?
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
What do you call software that is free to use but the source code is not available?
Freeware
In a flowchart, what shape is used to represent a decision?
Diamond
What type of compression reduces file size by permanently removing some data?
Lossy compression
What is the name of the error-checking method that adds an extra bit to a byte to make the total number of 1s even or odd?
Parity check
What type of memory is volatile and used to store data currently in use?
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Which type of translator converts high-level code into machine code all at once before execution?
Compiler
What is the term for a simplified representation of code that uses English-like statements?
Pseudocode
How many bits are in a Nibble
4bits
What does USB stand for?
Universal Serial Bus
What is the name of the high-speed storage locations within the CPU?
Registers
What is the name for software that is designed to perform a specific task for the user, like word processing?
Application software
Which loop structure is used when the number of iterations is known in advance?
FOR loop (or Count-controlled loop)
What is the name of the character encoding system that uses 7 bits to represent 128 characters?
ASCII
In packet switching, what is the name of the part of the packet that contains the destination address?
Header
Which type of secondary storage uses laser technology to read and write data?
Optical storage (e.g., CD, DVD)
What is the main difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
A compiler translates the whole program at once, while an interpreter translates and executes line by line.
What is the process of breaking down a complex problem into smaller, more manageable parts?
Decomposition