LEAGUE BASICS
国际联盟基础
国际联盟基础
What American president is closely associated with the creation of the League of Nations?
哪位美国总统与国际联盟的创建密切相关？
Woodrow Wilson.
伍德罗·威尔逊。
After World War I, the League helped refugees and prisoners of war return home, provided food and medical assistance, and worked to improve public health in different countries.
第一次世界大战后，国际联盟帮助难民和战俘返回家园，提供食品和医疗援助，并致力于改善不同国家的公共卫生。
Humanitarian Aid
人道主义援助
This 1931 crisis began when Japan invaded territory in China. The League investigated but failed to stop Japan, weakening confidence in collective security.
这场1931年的危机始于日本入侵中国领土。国际联盟进行了调查，但未能阻止日本，削弱了人们对集体安全的信心。
Manchurian Crisis
满洲危机
This 1927 Fritz Lang film explored industrialization, mass production, and modern society and became an important early science-fiction film.
这部1927年由弗里茨·朗执导的电影探索了工业化、大规模生产和现代社会，成为一部重要的早期科幻电影。
Metropolis
《大都会》
What economic crisis occurred in Germany in 1923 when the value of the mark collapsed?
1923年马克贬值时，德国发生了什么经济危机？
Hyperinflation.
恶性通货膨胀。
This SPD leader became Germany's first President in 1919 and worked to restore order during the early years of the Weimar Republic.
这位社会民主党领导人于1919年成为德国第一任总统，并在魏玛共和国早期致力于恢复秩序。
Friedrich Ebert
弗里德里希·艾伯特
What was the main goal of the League of Nations?
国际联盟的主要目标是什么？
To maintain world peace and prevent future wars
维护世界和平，防止未来的战争
Sweden and Finland disagreed over control of these islands. The League decided they would remain part of Finland, but no weapons could be kept there.
瑞典和芬兰对这些岛屿的控制权存在分歧。国际联盟决定它们仍属于芬兰，但不得在那里存放武器。
Aaland Islands
奥兰群岛
In 1935, Italy invaded this African country. The League imposed sanctions, but they were ineffective and failed to stop the invasion.
1935年，意大利入侵了这个非洲国家。国际联盟实施了制裁，但制裁无效，未能阻止入侵。
Abyssinia Crisis
阿比西尼亚危机
This German art movement focused on the darker side of modern life and included artists such as George Grosz and Otto Dix.
这场德国艺术运动关注现代生活的阴暗面，包括乔治·格罗斯和奥托·迪克斯等艺术家。
New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit)
新客观主义（新即物主义）
What did the German government do that helped cause hyperinflation?
德国政府做了什么导致了恶性通货膨胀？
It printed large amounts of money, contributing to the collapse of the mark.
它印制了大量货币，导致马克崩溃。
A German politician who served briefly as Chancellor in 1923 and then as Foreign Minister until his death in 1929.
一位德国政治家，于1923年短暂担任总理，之后担任外交部长直至1929年去世。
Gustav Stresemann
古斯塔夫·施特雷泽曼
Name two of the three main organs of the League of Nations.
说出国际联盟三个主要机构中的两个。
The Assembly, Council, and Secretariat.
大会、理事会和秘书处。
This 1925 dispute began when a Greek soldier was killed during a border incident with Bulgaria. Greece invaded Bulgaria, and the League intervened and ordered Greece to withdraw.
这起1925年的争端始于一名希腊士兵在与保加利亚的边境事件中被杀。希腊入侵保加利亚，国际联盟介入并命令希腊撤军。
War of the Stray Dog
流浪狗战争
In 1923, France and Belgium invaded this German industrial region after Germany failed to make reparations payments. The League did nothing.
1923年，法国和比利时在德国未能支付赔款后入侵了这个德国工业区。国际联盟没有采取任何行动。
Ruhr Crisis
鲁尔危机
What political group led the Spartacist Rising of 1919?
哪个政治团体领导了1919年的斯巴达克起义？
The Spartacists, revolutionary socialists/communists.
斯巴达克派，革命社会主义者/共产主义者。
What new currency did Gustav Stresemann introduce to help end hyperinflation?
古斯塔夫·施特雷泽曼引入了什么新货币来帮助结束恶性通货膨胀？
The Rentenmark.
地产抵押马克。
What happened in 1926 that showed Germany was becoming accepted again internationally?
1926年发生了什么，表明德国在国际上再次被接受？
Germany joined the League of Nations and received a permanent seat on the Council.
德国加入国际联盟并获得理事会常任席位。
What was the idea that all League members would work together to stop aggression called?
所有国际联盟成员共同合作制止侵略的理念被称为什么？
Collective Security
集体安全
Germany and Poland disputed this territory in 1921. After violence broke out, the League investigated and divided the territory between the two countries.
德国和波兰于1921年争夺这片领土。在爆发暴力事件后，国际联盟进行调查并将该领土分给两国。
Upper Silesia
上西里西亚
Poland took control of this city in 1920. The League failed to prevent the Polish aggression.
波兰于1920年控制了这座城市。国际联盟未能阻止波兰的侵略。
Vilna
维尔纽斯
What was the German belief that the army had not really been defeated in World War I, but had been betrayed from within?
德国人认为军队在第一次世界大战中并没有真正被击败，而是被内部背叛的信念是什么？
The "stab-in-the-back" myth (Dolchstoss).
"背后捅刀"神话（Dolchstoss）。
What 1924 plan reorganized Germany's reparations payments and provided Germany with a large American loan?
1924年的什么计划重新安排了德国的赔款支付并向德国提供了大量美国贷款？
The Dawes Plan.
《道威斯计划》。
What 1925 agreement improved relations between Germany and the Western European powers?
1925年的什么协议改善了德国与西欧大国之间的关系？
The Locarno Pact.
《洛迦诺公约》。
What are the three stages of collective security?
集体安全的三个阶段是什么？
Moral disapproval
道德谴责
Economic sanctions
经济制裁
Military sanctions
军事制裁
Turkey and Britain disagreed over this territory, which was part of Iraq. The League supported Iraq's claim, and Turkey eventually accepted the decision.
土耳其和英国就这片属于伊拉克的领土存在分歧。国际联盟支持伊拉克的主张，土耳其最终接受了决定。
Mosul
摩苏尔
In 1923, Mussolini pressured Greece to pay compensation after an Italian official was killed. The League failed to effectively stand up to Italy.
1923年，墨索里尼在一名意大利官员被杀后迫使希腊支付赔偿。国际联盟未能有效对抗意大利。
Corfu
科孚岛
Why did the Weimar Constitution's system of proportional representation make it difficult for Germany to have stable governments?
为什么魏玛宪法的比例代表制使德国难以拥有稳定的政府？
It allowed many political parties to gain seats, making it difficult for one party to win a majority. This often resulted in coalition governments, which could make agreement and effective decision-making difficult.
它允许许多政党获得席位，使一个政党难以赢得多数。这通常导致联合政府，使达成协议和有效决策变得困难。
Germany's economic recovery in the 1920s depended heavily on American loans. What caused this be a serious weakness?
德国在1920年代的经济复苏严重依赖美国贷款。是什么导致这成为一个严重的弱点？
The Great Depression
大萧条
What was Stresemann's foreign-policy of cooperating with Britain and France in order to improve Germany's international position and gradually revise parts of the Treaty of Versailles called?
施特雷泽曼为改善德国国际地位并逐步修改《凡尔赛条约》部分条款而与英国和法国合作的外交政策被称为什么？
Policy of Fulfilment
履行政策