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what is the first mineral to crystallize from magma?
Olivine
What are the main factors that affect magma formation?
Temperature, Pressure, Water content, and mineral composition.
What are the major groups of igneous rocks?
Felsic, Intermediate, Mafic, and Ultra Mafic
What does Bowen's reaction series illustrate?
Bowen's Reaction Series describes the temperature at which minerals crystallize when cooled, or melt when heated."Magma cools, minerals form in predictable patterns"
How does water content affect melting point of rocks?
As water content increases the melting point decreases.
Describe a porphyritic rock
Rock with large, well formed crystals surrounded by finer grained crystals of the same mineral or different minerals
What gives larger rocks their strength?
Their interlocking grain textures.
What are different magmas classified as and how?
Andesitic, Rhyolitic, and Basaltic. They are classified depending on different mineral composition and specifically how much silica content they have.
What type of rocks are richest in iron and magnesium?
UltraMafic
What rock is ultramafic and diamonds can be found in? What type of rock is it?
1. Kimberlites
2.Peridotite
What does dunite contain
Low Silica and high Mg and Iron
What is partial melting?
Different minerals will melt depending on their melting point.
What are the two types of igneous rocks explain each
Intrusive and Extrusive
why are ultramafic rocks unusual?
They have low silica contents and very high levels if iron and magnesium.
What are the two patterns of crystallization in Bowens reaction series?
1. Continuous gradual change in the feldspar group.
2. Abrupt /discontinuous sudden changes in iron and magnesium groups
what is temperature range for magma?
800-1200 C
Upper mantle and lower crust
phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy, pyroclastic and pegmatitic.
Which minerals in rocks melt at higher temperatures?
olivine, calcium feldspar, and pyroxene melt at higher temperatures.
What two common alloys are found in pegmatites?
Lithium and Beryllium are found in pegmatites
What is the process when different minerals form at different temperatures?
fractional crystallization
What rock contains biotite, plagioclase, hornblende and is high in silica?
Diorite
What are the major elements in magma?
Oxygen, Silicon,Aluminum, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, and sodium
What were kimberlites named after?
Kimberly, South Africa
What is hematite a good source of?
IRON