FOUNDATION OF MATTER
What is the ability to do work?
Energy
What are the two major categories of matter?
Pure substances and mixtures
What is measurement?
The comparison of an unknown quantity to a known standard.
What is a scientific model?
A workable representation or explanation of a physical phenomenon.
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in the nucleus.
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
What type of pure substance contains only one kind of atom?
Element
What makes conversions in the metric system easier?
Units are related by powers of 10.
Who proposed the Plum Pudding Model?
J.J. Thomson
Why is the number of protons important?
It determines the identity of the element.
What is formed when two or more elements chemically combine?
Compound
What phase change occurs when a liquid changes into a gas?
Vaporization
What type of uncertainty can result from a faulty instrument or inaccurate procedure?
Systematic uncertainty.
Why was the Quantum Mechanical Model considered more workable than Bohr's model?
It explains electron behavior using probability and orbitals rather than fixed circular orbits.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
Water vapor turns directly into ice without becoming liquid first. What phase change is occurring?
Deposition
In which state are particles generally packed closest together and vibrate in place?
Solid
A measurement has a very small percent error. What does this indicate about its accuracy?
It is likely accurate.
Who is associated with the discovery of the neutron?
James Chadwick
Two atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. What are they?
Isotopes
A mixture contains visible pieces of different materials, such as sand and small rocks. What type of mixture is it?
Heterogeneous mixture
What is the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element?
Atom
How many significant figures are in 194.00?
5 significant figures.
Two atoms both have 6 protons. Atom A has 6 neutrons, while Atom B has 8 neutrons. What do these atoms have in common, and how are they different?
They are the same element because they have the same number of protons, but they are different isotopes because they have different numbers of neutrons.
Quantum Mechanical Model – Solid Sphere Model – Nuclear Model – Plum Pudding Model – Planetary Model
Solid Sphere Model → Plum Pudding Model → Nuclear Model → Planetary Model → Quantum Mechanical Model