S*** that could heal a Victorian era Child (Maybe)
What type of cells do CAR-T therapy and cell replacement therapies rely on?
stem cells
What part of the immune system or type of immunity involves the use of B cells, T cells, and antibodies
adaptive
The category of diseases that leads to the immune system attacking the body
autoimmune disease
COVID-19, shingles/chicken pox, meningitis, viral pneumonia, diptheria, tetanus, hepatitis B or A, etc
Britney, 16, collapses at the town hearing and fails to recover after prayer and sage. Bloodwork shows her immune system doesn't respond to vaccines or infections. What is her diagnosis?
Immunodeficiency
What type of cells do CAR-T therapy and cell replacement therapies rely on?
stem cells
What initiates the activity of the adaptive immune system?
presentation of a foreign antigen
The category of diseases that leads to your immune system becoming impaired
immunodeficiency disorders
Why must the flu vaccine be taken every year, even if you've had it before?
Because influenza mutates frequently, changing its antigens and escaping immune memory
(Type 1) Diabetes
What is one of the two current therapies for auto-immune diseases?
immunosuppression and replacement of function
Name two types of cells in the adaptive immune system.
B cells and cytotoxic T cells
What is the name of the disorder that is caused by a deficiency in specialized immune system proteins
complement deficiency
What cells are created in response to the flu vaccine
B-cells
Hashimoto's Hypothyroidism
What therapeutci technique is being investigated for both autoimmune diseases and allergies?
tolerization
What immune cells destroy virus-infected cells?
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
What cells are attacked by the immune system in Hashimoto's
thyroid follicle cells
Explain the entire process of how a flu shot works
1. After being grown in chicken eggs in laboratories, flu virus is sucked out of eggs and washed to make it inactive.
2. Post-shot, your cells create antibodies to fight the inactive virus that just into your bloodstream.
3. After two weeks, antibodies develop and attack real flu virus and stop it from getting into your cells. You remain healthy.
Britney was isolated as a child due to her weak constitution and gets sick very easily. The villagers believe this is a punishment for using demonic power. The village healer finds that Britney lacks the MASP-2 protein. What condition may Britney be suffering from?
Complement deficiency
Explain the process of CAR-T therapy and why it could help someone with an auto-immune disease
CAR-T therapy reprograms the body's T cells to no longer target the body's own cells then reintroduces them into the blood. For someone with autoimmune disease, this could be helpful to kill the problematic immune cells
A pathogen mutates its surface antigens rapidly to avoid recognition by memory B and T cells. What does this reveal about a limitation in the adaptive immune system?
The adaptive immune system relies on stable antigens for effective memory response; rapid mutation can lead to immune evasion.
Explain how HIV and AIDS are connected
After receiving the flu shot, a patient still experiences mild symptoms when exposed to the virus. Antibody levels are elevated but not enough to prevent illness. What factor related to immune response timing might explain this?
The secondary immune response was activated but not fast or strong enough to completely neutralize the virus before symptoms appeared.
Before Britney can be burned at the stake for her suspicious activity, a forward thinking priest asks to try a new treatment called CAR-T therapy to help one of the people she cursed, who is suffering from an autoimmune disease targeting their pigment cells (vitiligo). Explain why CAR-T could be helpful for this villager and explain the process of the therapy
CAR-T therapy involves taking the patient's endogenous T cells and reprogramming them to target a specific cell, in this case the patient's B cells. These cells are expanded and reintroduced into the patient. Ideally, the CAR-T cells will kill the B cells that target the pigment cells, and the body will replace those B cells with non-autoimmune ones