Intro to Immunity
This type of immunity provides the initial protection against microbial invasion
What is Innate Immunity
Term for being able to be spread from host to host
What is communicable
What is a macrophage
C. difficile is a fecal to oral transmission, this mode of transmission is known as what
What is indirect
This cell is the most prominent antigen presenting cell
What is a dendritic cell
Epithelial cells and Secretions are which line of defense against pathogens
What is first line defense
This stage of infectious disease is characterized by illness abating and a return to a healthy state
What is convalescence (recovery) period
TLRs are expressed on extracellular surfaces and in the endosomes of all types of innate immune cell. How many functional types are found in humans?
10 types
Toxic shock syndrome causes a large release of cytokines due to which two organisms
What are S. aureus and S. pyogenes
These hairlike filaments are mainly found on Gram negative bacteria
What are pili
This type of immunity provides antibody-based protection against extracellular infections
What is Humoral Immunity
This type of structure is present on the cell wall of only Gram + cells
What is teichoic acid
NOD-like receptors are a type what to detect microbes and damaged cells
What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
This receptor is inhibited by C. tetani
What is acetylcholine
This process coats microbes with molecules to be recognized by phagocytes
What is opsonization
This type of lymphocyte is responsible for mediating cell-mediated immunity
What are T lymphocytes
Acid-fast stain, specific for Mycobacteria, results from a high content of what in the cell wall
What is a high lipid content
NOD1/NOD2 activate this transcription factor to stimulate inflammatory proteins
What is NF-kB
Hagemen factor activation, fever, hypotension, and leukocytosis are symptoms of this
What is septic shock
This test incubates the sample with antiserum to observe clumping
What is slide agglutination test
Neutrophils are also knowns as what
What are polymorphonuclear leukocytes
This specialized component of the bacterial extracellular structure is the determinant for the virulence of the microbe
What is the capsule
This cell provides the main defense against helminth infections
What are mast cells
Cell wall synthesis contain this chemical structure which is the target of antibiotics such as Penicillin
What are B-lactam rings
According to lecture, mast cells only release this cytokine
What is TNF