Definitions & Basics
This term describes the policy of one country’s political, economic, or cultural domination over other lands and territories.
What is Imperialism?
Industrial factories in mother countries relied on colonies to provide these essential economic goods.
What are natural resources / raw materials?
In this type of colonial rule, local elites were removed from power and replaced by officials from the mother country.
What is Direct Rule?
This famous phrase described the global reach of Great Britain's vast territory in the 1920s.
What is "The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire"?
Imperial powers altered local agriculture by forcing colonies to grow these instead of subsistence food crops.
What are cash crops?
This specific era of European expansion lasted between these two pivotal years.
What is 1800 to 1914?
European nations competed intensely for foreign territory under the belief that acquiring more land equated directly to this.
What is more power?
In this system of rule, local leaders maintained their positions of authority while operating as a "puppet government".
What is Indirect Rule?
Name three of the eight major practicing imperialist countries listed in the notes.
What are (3 of): Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Italy, Belgium, or the United States?
Imperialist powers altered indigenous political structures to ensure new colonial governments reflected this.
What are Western/European governments?
These three major advantages allowed Western powers to rapidly spread imperialism across the globe.
What are strong economies, well-organized governments, and powerful armies/navies (and technology)?
National rivalries and intense national pride drove countries to claim colonies to protect this strategic interest.
What is national security?
This vocabulary term refers to a political unit or country that depends on another government for its protection.
What is a Protectorate?
Name three major global regions targeted for takeover during the New Imperialism.
What are (3 of): Southeast Asia, Africa, Central America, India, China/Japan, or the Middle East?
Schools established in colonies primarily emphasized these two cultural elements.
What are the Christian religion and Western culture?
Western nations used this line of thinking to justify conquering weaker nations based on "survival of the fittest".
What is Social Darwinism?
Missionaries and religious groups ventured into newly claimed territories with this primary cultural motivation.
What is spreading Christianity / Western culture?
In direct rule, European powers replaced local elites with new officials brought directly from where?
What is the mother country?
This North American nation joined traditional European nations as a major imperialist power.
What is the United States?
Colonial economies were structured primarily around extracting these for factories in the mother country.
What are raw materials / natural resources?
This humanitarian excuse claimed Europeans needed to civilize and assist foreign populations referred to as "little brothers beyond the seas".
What is humanitarian and religious goals?
Unlike biological Darwinism applied to science, Social Darwinism applied evolutionary concepts to these entities.
What are countries (or nations/races)?
This system of control allowed local rulers to govern on the surface while Western powers ran affairs "behind the scenes".
What is Indirect Rule?
Imperial powers expanded strategic influence in this Asian territory, which formed a core part of the British Empire
What is India?
This major social shift occurred as colonial economies transformed, requiring large populations of people to become this.
What are workers?