History
Post-WWII tribunals that pioneered individual criminal responsibility.
What are Nuremberg & Tokyo?
Liability imposed on people, not just states.
What is Individual Responsibility?
“I was just following orders.”
What are Superior Orders.
Court created by the Rome Statute.
What is the ICC?
Treaty that created the ICC.
What is the Rome Statute?
Liability for failing to control subordinates.
What is Command responsibility.
Protection claimed because of government office.
What is Head-of-state Immunity.
Jurisdiction without the usual territorial or nationality connection.
What is Universal Jurisdiction?
Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda.
What are the ICTY and ICTR?
Responsibility based on one’s own participation or culpability.
What is Personal Culpability?
Principle often invoked to resist outside prosecution.
What is State Sovereignty?
Former Chilean leader discussed in the paper.
Who is Augusto Pinochet.
Responsible fo violations before modern international criminal law.
What is the State?
Command responsibility can apply to military and these leaders.
Who are Civilian or Politcal Superiors?
When perpetrators escape punishment entirely.
What is Impunity?
Laws that forgive prosecution for past crimes.
What are Amnesty Laws?