City Life
Movement of people from rural areas to cities OR the rapid growth of cities
Urbanization
What were housing conditions like in industrial cities?
Multiple families shared small, unsanitary spaces
What were working conditions in factories like during the Industrial Revolution?
The time period when the main river in England was polluted
The Great Stink
What is a Famine?
Extreme and widespread scarcity of food (lack of food), causing mass starvation
Vocab term used for farmland or the countryside
Rural
Why did crime increase during the Industrial Revolution, and why did people get away with it?
There were more people and criminals could hide in crowds or in alleys in the city
How did child labor impact families during the Industrial Revolution?
Children worked long hours to help support their families
Why did the river become polluted?
There was not a sewer system in place, so human and animal feces ran into the river since it was dumped into the street
A fungal infection that killed all of the potatoes in Ireland
Blight
Vocab term used for cities
Urban
What did the Factory System do during the Industrial Revolution?
It replaced the Domestic (making things at home) System and products began to be manufactured in factories
Why did supervisors choose to hire children?
They could get away with paying them less money, and the children were small enough to crawl under machines to fix them when adults could not
Why were people becoming sick and dying from the river?
They continued to drink the polluted river water
What was a major long-term consequence of the Irish Potato Famine?
Mass emigration of Irish people to countries like America and Canada OR estranged relationship from Great Britain to this day
Why did the working class grow during the Industrial Revolution?
People moved to cities to work in factories to make money
What would happen to children if they were late to work or tried to run away?
They were beaten, had to wear chains around their neck at work and walk around, etc.
What was one of the main health risks faced by child laborers in factories?
Exposure to hazardous materials, or the loss of limbs, loss of life, etc.
What was one common disease from the Great Stink?
Cholera or influenza (The flu)
How did British policies affect Ireland during the Famine?
The British continued to export (or send out) food from Ireland to feed their factory workers while people in Ireland starved
What was a common living arrangement for factory workers during the Industrial Revolution?
Overcrowded tenements or slums
What happened to orphans during the Industrial Revolution?
They were forced to work in factories until they were 18, and they were not paid for their work.
What does "laissez-faire" mean?
Minimal government interference, or "hands-off"
What was the name of the river that was polluted?
The Thames River
What was a primary cause of the Irish Potato Famine during the Industrial Revolution?
A blight that destroyed the potato crops