Food Webs
Where does the energy com from in a food web?
Explain the difference between abiotic and biotic factors.
Biotic-living or once living
Abiotic- non-living
Name 3 reasons human depend on ocean systems
recreation, oxygen, transportation, food, natural resources, water
Explain the difference between short and long term environmental changes!
Short-does not allow organisms time to adapt and happens very quickly.
Long- does allow organisms time to adapt over several generations and happens slowly.
What do the arrows represent in a food web?
Flow of Energy
Coyotes are wild animals related to dogs. Their diet usually consists of fruit and small rodents, such as rats, and mice, but in large cities they have been known to attack pets. In the wild wolves, cougars and bears compete with the coyotes keeping them from overpopulating. However, in the past five years, more and more coyotes have been spotted in Denver, Dallas, Chicago, Detrioit, New York and other large cities.
Why do you think the numbers of coyotes keep increasing in the city?
A: Coyotes don't have as much competition in the city as they do in the wild.
B: It is easier for coyotes to find shelter during cold weather in the city.
C: Coyotes are running out of food in the wild.
D: It is easy for coyotes to adapt to a city habitat.
Some areas of the ocean are known as dead zones. These zones form when excess organic material decomposes. This increased decomposition uses up the oxygen from the water. Which human activity is most affected by the increasing number of dead zones in the ocean?
F: Offshore drilling, because water in dead zones is toxic.
G:Commercial fishing, because fish cannot survive without oxygen.
H: Commercial shipping, because dead zones change the course of the ocean currents.
J: Sand mining, because oxygen is not available to form the sands on ocean beaches.
G
Name an example of a short and long term environmental change
varies
Producer
What best explains the variation in tree heights in the tropical rain forest?
A: grazing patterns of herbivores
B: competition for light and moisture
C: fewer nutrients are available to the shorter trees
D: the intense heat causes the trees to be shorter than similar trees in other biomes
B
Farmers recently have started to use a lot of fertilizer on farms. Extra fertilizer runs off the farms, into the rivers, and out into the oceans. Which of the following would be a likely outcome of this?
A: Animals will use the fertilizer to grow.
B: Kelp on the bottom of the ocean will grow.
C: Coral reefs will grow faster.
D: Algae will grow, causing algae blooms.
D
Which of the following is most likely to cause a change in the genetic traits in an isolated population of a ground-dwelling lizard species?
A: The exposure of an individual lizard in the population to radiation that causes a mutation that is not passed on to its offspring.
B: An unusually dry summer in the lizard population's ecosystem.
C: The introduction of an invasive predator that preys on the brightest-colored individuals in the lizard population.
D: A fast-moving wildfire that burns the canopy of the trees in the lizard population's ecosystem.
C
What is an organism that obtains their energy from eating other organisms, can also be called a heterotroph, and can be classified as an herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore.
Whitetip reef sharks spend most of the day lying on the ocean floor. While remaining still, these sharks pump water across their gills. The movement of water across their gills is necessary for--
F: Staying cool
G: Accessing food
H: Obtaining oxygen
J: Avoiding predators
H
Some areas of the ocean are known as dead zones. These zones form when excess organic material decomposes. This increased decomposition uses up the oxygen from the water. Which human activity is most affected by the increasing number of dead zones in the ocean?
F: Offshore drilling, because water in dead zones is toxic.
G:Commercial fishing, because fish cannot survive without oxygen.
H: Commercial shipping, because dead zones change the course of the ocean currents.
J: Sand mining, because oxygen is not available to form the sands on ocean beaches.
G
Copper compounds are used in large amounts to control the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. Copper interferes with photosynthesis in these organisms. What would be the most likely result of an accidental spill of these compounds in an aquatic environment?
F: The fish would grow larger than usual
G: The zooplankton population would increase
H: The plants would increase in size but decrease in number
J: The plant populations would be reduced
J
Give an example of a predator-prey relationship in a food web.
Varies
Black Walnut Trees produce a nontoxic chemical that becomes highly toxic when it is exposed to air or soil. How does this chemical help black walnut trees compete with plants growing nearby?
A: By attracting herbivores to the other plants
B: By suppressing the growth of the other plants
C: By increasing the photosynthesis rates in other plants
D: By limiting the amount of water available to other plants
B
A coastal area that once supported the thriving fishing industry is overfished. The number of species found living in the marine ecosystem decreases. Which of these activities is most likely to increase the natural biodiversity in the area?
A: Building artificial reefs and limiting fish activity
B: Introducing non-native species to fill unoccupied habitats and banning fishing
C: Building artificial reefs and increasing fishing activity
D: Eliminating non-native species and encouraging fishing for large predatory fish
A
To fight a bacterial infection, a patient was given an antibiotic to take for 10 days. After the patient finished taking the antibiotics as directed, almost all of the bacteria were killed. After another 10 days, the patient was sick again with the same type of infection. What most likely happened?
A: A few bacteria survived the antibiotics and stopped reproducing
B: The patient's high fever inactivated the antibiotic, allowing the surviving bacteria to grow rapidly.
C: The antibiotic slowed the life cycle of the bacteria
D: Some of the bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic, and they reproduced
D