Intro. History of War

Weapons

100

short, two sided sword, between 40 to 60 cm in length

Gladius

200

• smaller version of ballista; developed from the ballista
• used to throw smaller bolts, not heavy ammunition
• had great speed and force
  • effective in piercing enemy shields and armor

Scorpio

300

• meter in length
• used in war and gladiator matches
• longer reach, safer range

Spatha

400

• ancient missile launcher
  • could shoot javelins, heavy balls, or bolts
• originally developed by ancient Greeks
• used during siege warfare

Ballista

500

• popular roman weapon
• similar to the javelin, predated it
• generally made of ash wood with iron head
• length of about 6 feet

Hasta

Weapons

100

• lead weighted darts
• half a dozen clipped to the back of shield
• range of 30 meters (98.4252 feet)
• mostly unique to Rome

Plumbata

200

• projectile weapon
• breaks down walls during sieges
• large and strong form with a sling attached to the front 
• rocks and boulders used in the sling
  • capable of thrown heavier

Onager

300

• 15-30 cm in length; 5 cm in width
• very small
  • easily hidden
  • mostly used in hand to hand
  • good in a cramped environment
  • last resort in open battle

Pujio

400

• wooden pole with an iron spike at the end
• long, but lightweight javelin
• 7 feet or 2 meters long
• 2 kg or 4.4 lbs
• could be thrown between 25 to 30 meters

Pilum

Vocab

100

• (1) a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations
• (2) a state of hostility, conflict, or antagonism

War

200

(1) A WAR BETWEEN OPPOSING GROUPS OF CITIZENS OF THE SAME COUNTRY

Civil War

300

• (1) a SUDDEN, RADICAL, OR COMPLETE CHANGE
• (2) THE OVERTHROW OR RENUNCIATION OF ONE GOVERNMENT OR RULER AND THE SUBSTITUTION OF ANOTHER BY THE GOVERNED

Revolution

400

• (1) a competitive or opposing action of incompatibles
• (2) to contend in warfare

Conflict

Egypt/Mesopotamia

100

Ancient Egypt is centered along where?

The Nile River

200

Ancient Mesopotamia is located between which two rivers?

Tigris and Euphrates

300

Name one of the technological advancements Egypt adopted after the Hyksos invasion.

-Horse drawn chariots

-Composite bows

-Bronze weapons and armor

400

How did Geography and Technology affect warfare in Ancient Mesopotamia?

open land resulted in Constant conflict, which led to advanced siege warfare tactics and strong armies

500

How did geography and technology affect warfare in Ancient Egypt?

The natural safety of the land  led to slow military growth until foreign threats appeared, then expansion with new technology

Rome/Greece

100

• tight square or rectangular formation
• soldiers lined up in rows, shields overlapping, spears sticking out
• front line pushed forward, and the soldiers in the back braced them and filled in gaps

Greek Phalanx

200

• trained year round and marched in organized formation
  • able to build camps in a day
• Flexible and strategic in battle
  • legions can break up into smaller groups during battle

Roman Legion

300

What impact did the Greek Phalanx have on Greek society?

• citizen-soldiers
  • to fight you had to buy your own armor and shield so soldiers could be farmers or landowners
• Phalanx created a sense of equality and shared responsibility
  • need to depend on the person next you regardless if they were rich or poor
• Helps strengthen ideas of citizenship, unity, and democracy

400

How did the Roman legion impact people's lives other than fighting?

• army also built, they did not just fight!
  • built roads, bridges, aqueducts, forts, etc. wherever they went
• roman roads
  • troops move quicker
  • useful for trade, communication,  and cultural exchange

500

A Roman legion is made up of ___________ soldiers. The soldiers are divided into _____________ and ____________. They are each led by a _______________________.

-5000

-Cohorts and Centuries

-Centurion