Statistics and Stuff
What decades saw a demand for more accurate crime data?
1920s-1930s
Which Amendment protects against excessive fines, excessive bail and cruel/unusual punishment?
8th Amendment
Problem-oriented policing is focused on being _____ instead of reactive.
Proactive
The division of court jurisdiction into 2 systems of courts (federal and state) is called the what system?
Dual Court System
Rehabilitation operates under the idea that crime can be what?
Cured/Fixed
What is the dark figure of crime?
Unreported Crime
Confessions were considered tainted if obtained via what per Brown v Mississippi?
Force
What type of deterrence seeks to prevent others from committing crimes similar to the one for which a particular offender is being sentenced?
General Deterrence
What is it called when a case is returned to the original court because the case has been reversed and the conviction vacated?
Remanded
What refers to victimization caused by the inappropriate response of peers, family, media, institutions, etc.?
Secondary Victimization
What Crime Data Tool: The FBI is responsible for collecting data, with data coming from law enforcement agencies. Data is broken down into Part I and Part II Offenses. Issues with this tool include the dark figure of crime, lack of federal crime data, and reliance of the voluntary cooperation of law enforcement agencies.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
What could be considered inadmissible under the Exclusionary Rule per Weeks v US?
Evidence
High-tech simulations that mimic real-world scenarios where officers must respond to the simulated environment to detect and respond to threats are called what?
Move and Shoot Simulations
The courts using "get-tough" sentencing because of the idea that the criminal deserves it is the philosophy of what?
Retribution
The US has a mass incarceration problem that partially stems from this principle, which argues that removing offenders from society will prevent reoffending.
Incapacitation
What Crime Data Tool: Data is collected by the Census Bureau via the mail, and is gathered specifically from victims though it is considered "unofficial." A major benefit of this tool is that it is able to capture the dark figure of crime. It also provides detailed information about victim demographics/information. Data cannot, however, be collected regarding homicide crimes.
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
What did Tennessee v Garner end/no longer allow police to do? (There was a doctrine that was ended)
Ended Fleeing Felon Doctrine
What law enforcement structure is organized so that a single person is responsible for all personnel in the organization?
Command and Control Structure
What state courts have jurisdiction just like that of the U.S. Supreme Court (appellate and original jurisdiction)?
Courts of Last Resort
Which of the principles of the RNR model provides that it is important to minimize interpersonal and cultural barriers that may prevent an individual from effectively receiving a rehabilitative intervention?
Responsivity
What Crime Data Tool: This is a sponsored offshoot study of the FBI and Bureau of Justice Statistics. The goal was to present more comprehensive crime data. Data is categorized as Group A and Group B Offenses. A major benefit of this tool is that it provides more in-depth information about specific crimes/arrests.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
What court case established doctrine/rules for pat-downs?
Terry v Ohio
What are the 3 types (these are big categories...not the FBI, DEA, ATF, etc.) of federal agencies?
Military Police, Civilian Police, and Tribal Police
What are the trial courts of the federal system?
U.S. District Courts
What theory argues that criminals deal with feelings of guilt through techniques like rationalization, denial, or an appeal to higher loyalties?
Neutralization