Review
eyes -> optic N. -> optic chiasm -> 1/2 info crosses and 1/2 stays put -> optic tract -> lateral thalamus -> optic radiation -> occipital lobe
Glial cells associated w/ LMN
Schwann cells
Where is parasympathetic nervous system located?
Upper cervical and cervical spinal cord
Foot drop of the left LE involves a lesion where?
lat. CST (left), right superior medial aspect of primary motor cortex
What are PET scans best used for?
Showing levels of metabolic activity, can diagnose mild cognitive impairment or usually Alzheimer's
Myelin cells associated w/ the PNS
Schwann cells
Where does UMN end and LMN begin?
UMN ends at T12 LMN begins at L1, conus medullaris
Describe the motor pathway
motor cortex -> corona radiata -> internal capsule -> midbrain -> pons -> cerebellum -> medulla (85% info goes through pyramidal dessecation to lat. CST, 15% goes to ant. CST) -> Peripheral nerves
Inability to remember what was for breakfast involves a lesion in what lobe?
Temporal lobe (short-term dominant)
What can be expected from any patient who has a midline shift?
They will have a very poor prognosis
Myelin cells associated w/ CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Is the pre-central gyrus sensory or motor?
What muscles do the lateral CST tract travel to?
Extremities
Unable to walk in tandem involves what deficit if eyes open and what deficit if eyes closed?
Eyes open indicates motor issue
Eyes closed indicates sensory issue
What is a chiari malformation and what can you expect to see from it?
- A condition where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal
- severe HA, breathing trouble (regulating resp. rate), coordination problems, possible seizure
Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formed?
Lateral and 4th ventricles
Is the post-central gyrus sensory or motor?
Sensory
What muscles do the ant. CST travel to?
Axial muscles
Unable to arouse involves lesion in what structure?
Brain stem
What can you expect to see problems with for demyelination at C3-C4?
Trouble w/ diaphragm
Glial cells associated w/ UMN
Oligodendrocytes
**Where is sympathetic nervous system located?
Thoracic spine
This area near the motor cortex, located in the inferior frontal gyrus, is utilized in speech production and if damaged can result in what's otherwise known as expressive aphasia
Broca's area
Choking on food and drink involves lesion in what cranial nerve?
Cranial Nerve IX, Glossopharyngeal
What do you expect to see from clusters of white spots in an MRI?
Sclerotic plaque, indicative of MS
plaque prevents remyelination