Ch.1: Approaches
What is the largest professional organization for psychologists in North America, including over 50 subdivisions or interest groups.
American Psychological Association
Which couple was known for the doll experiment?
The Clark's (Kenneth & Mamie Clark)
What's the scientific method?
series of measurable steps for scientifically testing an idea.
What is a graph that's used to show patterns between 2 continuous variables?
Scatterplot
What's a neuron?
messenger cells that receive, integrate, & transmit information using electrical & chemical signals.
Studying psychology in terms of how thoughts and behaviors are influenced by biological factors in the body (genes, hormones, etc.).
Biological approach
What were Watson, Crick & Wilkins responsible for?
Stealing research diagrams from Rosalind Franklin of DNA
You're developing a hypothesis. What's that?
a specific statement about the expected outcome of a study.
What does it mean for a correlation to be positive?
both variables are moving in the same direction; increase in one means increase in another
What's the role of dendrites?
to bring information in from other cells
Studying psychology by exploring how individuals can achieve their personal potential and positive self-esteem.
Humanistic approach
What was the eugenics record office responsible for?
racial segregation, & forced sterilization of ‘unfit and inferior races’.
What's an independent variable?
a variable that’s manipulated at the beginning of a study that may cause 2/more groups to differ by the end; the “predictor”; can’t be influenced by other study variables.
I want to compare the means of 2 groups. What analysis am I running?
A t-test
What is the small gap between neurons that aids in communication?
Synaptic cleft
Studying psychology by considering how social dynamics and culture interact in our everyday lives.
Sociocultural approach
What's the mulatto hypothesis?
states that reasoning, memory & intelligence go up the lighter a persons skin color is.
A study found that depression scores predict motivation scores on a survey. Which variable is the motivation score?
Dependent
What's the open science movement?
movement to make scientific research transparent, accessible, cooperative, reproducible, & honest
What is the central nervous system made up of?
The brain & spinal cord
An early approach to psychology in which people attempted to break down sensation and perception experiences into their smaller parts.
Structuralism
Who developed the concept of implicit & explicit bias?
Mahzarin Banaji
I want to know if 2 variables are associated with one another. What am I running?
A correlation
What happened with the Tuskegee syphilis study?
Over a 40-year span, African American men with syphilis were told they were getting treatment. Really, they were misled and medicine was purposely withheld.
What's a reflex?
An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus