Chemistry Basics
This is the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes they undergo.
What is Chemistry?
This kind of observation involves a number and a unit.
What is quantitative OR measurement?
This is possible explanation using what you know and observe.
What is a hypothesis?
This is statement summarizes generally observed behavior.
Ex: An object at rest stays at rest, unless acted upon by another force.
What is a natural law?
This is the requirements or standards a solution must meet in engineering.
What is a criterion?
Chemistry often explains phenomena from this point of view because it cannot be seen with the naked eye.
What is microscopic?
This kind of observation is made when a student records that a liquid has a volume of 35 mL.
What is a quantitative observation OR measurement?
This is an explanation that has stood up to much testing and investigation.
For example, scientists explain that the orbit of planets is caused by the sun being in the center of the universe.
What is a theory?
A company limiting the design price of a product to $2.50 is this kind of engineering principle.
What is a constraint?
This view of chemical phenomena is often what we observe. A change described by what we can notice with our 5 senses.
What is macroscopic view?
A student records the following observations about a piece of metal:
- It is silver - It's length is 8.2 cm
- It has a mass of 42.6 g. - It feels smooth
This is how many qualitative observations were made.
What is 2?
It is silver, and it feels smooth are both qualitative.
A student intentionally changing the brand of paper towel to see which absorbs the most water is known as this kind of variable.
A student says "When I put a volleyball in the freezer, its volume decreases."
This statement is classified as which of the following? Observation, Theory, or Law
What is an observation?
It's a specific object, not general behavior. The student also did not explain why this happens.
An engineer designs a container that must hold at least 500 mL of liquid but cannot cost more than $2 to manufacture.
Identify the criteria and the constraint.
Criteria- holds at least 500 mL of liquid
Constraint- cannot cost more than $2
Chemistry is often referred to as this name because most natural phenomena involve chemical changes.
What is the central science?
Student A notes that it is a white, granular substance, and it dissolves in water.
Student B pinches some of the substance between his fingers, and claims that it must be table salt.
This student did not make a proper observation.Who is student B?
Student B made a conclusion. He has no way of knowing for certain that it is table salt.
This experiment is flawed because the student failed to use this kind of variable.
What is a constant?
He should drop each ball from the same height each time.
A student notices that a piece of aluminum foil appears to turn into a reddish, brown substance when exposed to an unknown solution.
The claim that it must be rust is this kind of statement.
What is a hypothesis?
An engineer has two possible designs for a water bottle.
Design A: cheaper but heavier
Design B: lighter but more expensive
This is the engineering principle being demonstrated.
What is a trade-off?
Student A believes all a chemist does is make new materials, like drugs.
Student B disagrees, claiming that chemists produce sources of energy, like nuclear power.
Student C thought that chemists help with designing medicine to control diseases.
This student is correct.What is all 3 students are correct?
1. The pencil is yellow
2. A tin atom is twice as large as a carbon atom.
3. The room felt hot.
4. The room increased by 10 degrees Fahrenheit.
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative
3. Qualitative
4. Quantitative
A student notices that a tablet dissolves faster in warm water than cold water. They then perform an investigation by comparing identical tablets in the same amount of water at different temperatures and measures how long each takes to dissolve.
Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and 1 constant.
IV- temperature of water
DV- time it takes to dissolve
Constants: Type of tablet, amount of water
Student A notices when a balloon pushes air one way, the balloon flies the opposite direction.
Student B recalls from physical science class that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Student C explains the phenomena by stating the air generates enough force to temporarily overcome gravity and air resistance.
Which student stated the observation, which stated the theory, and which stated the law?
Student A- Observation: They noticed something specific.
Student B- Natural Law: They summarized a general behavior by stating a fact. They did not explain.
Student C- Theory: They attempted to explain the phenomena.
Both utilize the scientific method.
A scientist uses science to pursue knowledge.
An engineer uses science to solve problems.