Crime Perspectives
The role of the justice system is to prevent crime through criminal sanctions.
What is the Crime Control Perspective?
Behavior is shaped by interactions with key social institutions.
What is Social Process Theory?
Resolves personal interactions related to contracts, wills, property ownership, and commerce.
What is Civil Law?
One of the earliest written legal codes, which governed relationships related to sexual behavior, property rights, theft, and acts of violence.
What is The Code of Hammurabi?
Agency of the criminal justice system that applies punishment to offenders
What is corrections?
Crime is caused by frustration and anger created by societal inequality. The purpose of the justice system is to treat those who are victims of inequality.
What is the Rehabilitative Perspective?
Human behavior is a function of the interaction of biochemical, neurological, and genetic factors with environmental stimuli.
What is Biosocial Theory?
Involves the mental and physical elements of crime, crime categories, and criminal defenses.
What is Substantive Law?
Crimes that are inherently harmful.
What is Mala in se?
Those who wage moral campaigns/crusades to control behavior they view as immoral and wrong; Use social capital to influence the legalization of behavior they deem acceptable.
What is the Moral Entrepreneurs?
Justice agencies should limit their involvement with criminal defendants. This perspective is characterized by decriminalization and pretrial diversion.
What is Nonintervention Perspective?
Offenders are driven by unconscious thought patterns, developed in early childhood, that control behaviors over the life course.
What is Psychodynamic Theory?
This law has elements of:
What is Procedural Law?
The mental state or criminal intent of a defendant.
What is Mens rea?
Offense severity, prior record, evidence, race, class, gender, and age contribute to this decision-making process.
What is Discretion?
Violators of the law should be judged based on their current behavior, not their past actions or what they may do in the future.
What is Equal Justice Perspective?
Social interactions developed over the life course shape behavior.
What is Developmental Theory?
A personal injury or wrong for which an action for damages may be brought.
What is Torts?
Justified by a strong government interest in public safety or protecting a particular group of people.
What is Strict Liability Crimes?
Decisions of another court/judge that the judge trying a case will rely on as justification in forming their decision.
What is Precedent?
Behavior that conflicts with the rules of the majority and are harmful to society.
What is the Consensus View?
Human development is controlled by a master “latent” trait.
What is Propensity Theory?
Law that deals with the government and individuals or other governments.
What is Public/Administrative Law?
Intent to commit the actus reus of the crime only.
What is General Intent?
Parents and religious institutions contribute to this form of control.
What is Informal Social Control Mechanisms?