Drugs, labs, diagnostics, and provider services are an example of this type of cost
What is direct medical cost?
100
Plasma drug levels between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration
What is therapeutic range?
100
The way that purines and pyrimidines always pair together.
What is Adenine/Thymidine (A/T) and Guanine/Cytosine (GC)
100
The enzymes that account for most drug adverse reactions.
What is CYP 450 enzymes?
100
The patient has the disease but the test is negative
What is false negative?
200
Pain suffering and grief are examples of this type of cost.
What is intangible cost?
200
This pharmacokinetic parameter determines the steady state concentration for any given dose. It determines the maintenance dose.
What is clearance (CL)?
200
When a single nucleotide (A,T,C, or G) in a genome sequence is altered. (full name and abbreviation)
What is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?
200
This phase of reactions in metabolism include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis.
What is Phase I metabolism?
200
The ability to correctly classify a person as having a condition.
True positives divided by True positives + False negatives
What is sensitivity?
300
Economic evaluation method that includes the direct and indirect cost of illness.
What is cost of illness (COI)?
300
the three types of molecules that penetrate membranes easily.
What is neutral molecules, lipophilic molecules, and small molecules?
300
Groups of SNP's located closely together on a a chromosome which are inherited together.
What is a haplotype?
300
Time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%
What is half-life?
300
True positives divided by all positives. This value increases with increase disease prevalence.
What is positive predictive value (PPV)?
400
The extra cost to provide an additional unit of efficacy.
What is incremental cost?
400
The four basic pharmacokinetic processes.
What is absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?
400
This phase of metabolism is responsible for approximately 59% of the adverse drug reactions cited and includes the CYP450 enzymes.
What is Phase I metabolism?
400
An allergic or idiosyncratic reaction to a drug that is not dose dependent and not predictable.
What is Type B reaction?
400
When diagnosing a disease with high mortality and one test is highly sensitive and one is highly specific, what order would the tests likely occur.
What is highly sensitive test first and highly specific test second?
500
Economic evaluation model used to decide if a more beneficial treatment is worth the cost.
What is incremental cost effectiveness analysis (ICER)?
500
When a drug interacts with this type of receptor if replicates the action of a natural body chemical.
What is an agonist?
500
If an ultrarapid metabolizer experiences a toxic effect, the active form of the drug is most likely this form of the drug.
What is a metabolite?
500
The number of half lives it takes to reach steady state
What is approximately 5?
500
Measure of how much more likely it is that a patient who tests positive for the disease has the disease compared to one who tests negative.
(Sensitivity divided by 1 - specificity)