Child Development
This emotional bond develops between an infant and caregiver and helps the infant feel safe and secure.
What is attachment?
This part of the brain develops last and is responsible for impulse control and decision-making.
What is the prefrontal cortext?
The brain continues developing until approximately this age.
What is 25 years old?
This term describes the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events perceived as threatening or challenging.
What is stress?
This part of personality operates according to the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification.
What is the id?
The brain process that eliminates unused neural connections to strengthen important pathways.
What is synaptic pruning?
This type of bullying involves social exclusion, rumors, and damage to relationships.
What is relational aggression?
According to Arnett, one of the five major markers of emerging adulthood is this process of exploring who you are across careers, relationships, and beliefs.
What is identity exploration?
This type of external stressor involves unpredictable, large-scale events such as natural disasters.
What is a catastrophe?
The image people have of themselves, developed through interactions with significant others, is called this.
What is self-concept?
When a child calls a cow a "doggie" and must create a new category for cows, Piaget would call this process _____.
What is accommodation?
This theory describes adolescence as a period marked by mood disruptions, conflict with parents, and risk-taking behavior.
What is the storm and stress theory?
According to the lecture, some relationship problems and divorces may occur when individuals have not yet fully resolved these issues.
What are identity issues?
This type of stress is considered positive because it motivates adjustment, growth, and performance.
What is eustress?
Believing that success depends mostly on luck, fate, or chance reflects this type of locus of control.
What is an external locus of control?
This research method assumes that infants prefer and pay attention longer to stimuli they find more interesting.
What is preferential looking?
According to research discussed in class, the developmental gap between this brain region and the prefrontal cortex contributes to emotional intensity and risk-taking.
What is the limbic system?
According to the lecture, the length and experience of emerging adulthood vary because of these broader influences.
What are social, cultural, and historical contexts?
Long-term wear and tear on the brain and body caused by chronic exposure to stress hormones is known as this.
What is allostatic load?
Someone angrily criticized by their boss goes home and yells at a family member instead. Freud would identify this defense mechanism as ________.
What is displacement?
Children in this stage can think logically about real-world situations but struggle with abstract thinking.
What is the concrete operational stage?
This highest level of Kohlberg's theory bases moral decisions on personal ethical principles and values.
What is the postconventional level?
Although processing speed slows, this helps adults compensate by approaching problems more effectively.
What is greater life experience and accumulated knowledge?
This field studies how stress, emotions, thoughts, and behavior influence the immune system.
What is psychoneuroimmunology?
Rogers believed this occurs when a person's real self and ideal self are closely aligned.
What is congruence?