Particle Motion
What happens to the movement of particles in a substance as it heats up?
They move faster
What metric unit do scientists use to measure temperature?
Degrees Celsius (°C)
What is thermal energy transfer through direct particle collision called?
Conduction
The state of matter with a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
Liquid
What is kinetic energy?
Energy in motion
What is the difference between temperature and heat?
Temperature= average kinetic energy
Heat= is the transfer of thermal energy between substances
What happens when a fast-moving particle collides with a slow-moving particle?
Fast particle= loses kinetic energy
Slow particle= gains kinetic energy
The space occupied by a sample of matter.
Volume
How is the kinetic energy of solid particles different from those of gas particles at the same temperature?
Gas= high kinetic energy
Solid= low kinetic energy
In which direction does thermal energy always flow?
From warmer to cooler
When a warm metal spoon is placed in cold ice cream, which direction does thermal energy transfer?
From the spoon to the ice cream
The total kinetic energy of all the particles in a sample of matter?
Thermal energy
How does the expansion of a liquid in a thermometer measure temperature?
The kinetic energy increases and particles collide, causing the liquid to expand.
If you mix 50 mL of water at 80°C with 50 mL of water at 20°C, what will the final equilibrium temperature be?
50°C
What state is reached when two substances in contact reach the same temperature and energy transfer stops?
Thermal equilibrium
A material that easily allows energy to pass through it.
Conductor
Explain contraction at the particle level when a gas cools down.
It loses kinetic energy and there is less collision, which decreases the volume
Why does a large bucket of water at 50°C have more total thermal energy than a small cup of water at 80°C?
The bucket has more particles
Why do solids generally conduct heat faster than gases?
With tightly packed particles and collision, it heats up faster because of the collision
The process where matter increases in volume due to an increase in temperature.
Thermal expansion