1
2
3
4
5
100
Oh no, you have ischemic event to brain and spinal cord... How long can each safely last at normal body temperature?
Brain: 0-4 minutes
Spinal Cord: 12-20 minutes
100
What is the CBF equation, if any terms in the equation can be simplified then do so...
CBF = CPP/CVR
CPP = Arterial pressure - ICP - Venous pressure
100
An aneurysmal rupture is an example of a ____ stroke
hemorrhagic
100
What are the 3 main trunks branching off the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic artery
Right subclavian
Right common carotid
100
What is the name of the disease that causes a patient to need a carotid endarterectomy
Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease
200
The occlusion of which artery is most concerning during cardiac arrest?
Left anterior descending artery
200
The spinal cord ends at ___ level signified by the _____. Beyond that point, a sack of nerves called the ______ lays in the dura at the lumbar level
T12/L1
Conus medullaris
Caudia Equina
200
Decussation of the CST occurs at the
medulla
200
What level is the Artery of Adamkiewicz usually found
Found at T9-T12
200
describe two methods used to prevent spinal cord ischema during surgery
DHCA Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Bypass pump
300
A patient is found to have an aortic aneurysm, it does NOT involve the renal arteries... what classification crawford extent would this be
1
300
Describe how an AVM affects nervous tissue very generally (give me 2 ways)
Allows blood to circulate around capillaries without going through them
Place pressure on spinal cord and other nearby structures
300
What is the normal range of ICP
5-15 mmHg
300
Draining the CSF will result in what (think in regards to the spinal perfusion)
An increased spinal cord perfusion pressure
300
Explain the gate control theory
Basically painful signals are slow and can be blocked by activating other fast sensory signals, blockage occurs at the thalamus level.
400
Increased ICP will result in what response to maintain CBF
Vasodilation
400
What is the largest radicular artery that feeds directly into the anterior spinal artery
Artery of Adamkiewicz, also called the great radiculomedullary artery
Found at T9-T12
400
Name 1 intradural extramedullary tumor as well as 1 intradural intramedullary tumor
Meningioma
Ependymoma or astrocytoma or ganglioglioma
400
Crawford ___ extents include the ascending aorta
Crawford 2 extents
400
Give an example of a tumor like the one on the left
Ependymoma, astrocytoma, ganglioma
500
What is the normal CBF in healthy adults (using proper units)
50ml/100g/min
500
What is the point of shunting, how do we determine who needs shunting and whats a risk associated with it?
The point of shunting is to keep the brain perfused while we are doing a procedure that might block blood flow up to the brain.
If someone has plaque in their arteries, shunting can loosen up that plaque and it can get lodged somewhere else
500
Name the treatment mentioned in class for cerebral palsy, whats it called and how does it work?
Selective Rhizotomy
Typically you have a balance of excitatory and inhibitory NT but in this patient you dont
You resect incoming painful affarent signals at the DR entry
Common treatment for phantom limb pain
500
Anterior cord syndrome will present with damage to the __________
Spinothalamic tracts, and anterolateral corticospinal tracts
DCML is spared
500
Describe the Babinski reflex.. what is its equivalent in adults?
Stimulate the foot sole elicit extensor response of the foot...
In adults if you stimulate the foot sole you stimulate a planter response of the foot...