Atomic Basics
These subatomic particles are found in the nucleus and determine the "identity" or atomic number of an element.
Protons
Because it has a high melting point and reflects UV radiation, this metallic oxide is a key ingredient in sunscreens.
Zinc Oxide or Titanium Dioxide
When an electron "jumps" from a high energy level back to a low one, it releases energy in this form.
A photon or light
Crushing a solid into a powder increases this, which in turn speeds up the rate of a reaction.
Surface Area
This law states that atoms are not created or destroyed in a reaction; they are simply rearranged.
Law of Conservation of Mass
This horizontal row on the periodic table tells you how many energy levels (shells) an atom has.
Period
This property of metals allows heat to move through them quickly, making them perfect for frying pans.
Thermal Conductivity
This term describes light behaving as both a continuous wave and a discrete stream of particles.
Wave-particle duality
This sign of a chemical reaction is often seen when hydrochloric acid is poured over a metal like Zinc.
Gas production/Bubbling/Fizzing
Balance this equation: Mg + O2 → MgO
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
Elements in the same vertical Group share this specific number, which determines how they bond with others.
Valence Electrons
In industrial applications, these non-reactive gases are often used to prevent explosions or fires.
Noble Gases
This unique "fingerprint" of light is produced by an element when its electrons transition between energy levels.
Emission Spectrum
Increasing this factor makes particles move faster and collide more often, speeding up a reaction.
Temperature
This type of nuclear reaction involves the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei.
Fission
This group of elements on the far right is "stable" and unreactive because their outer electron shells are completely full.
Noble Gases
Fossil fuels are valued for this chemical property, which allows them to release massive amounts of energy when burned.
Flammability
In the equation E=hf, if the frequency (f) of a photon increases, what happens to its energy (E)?
It increases.
This type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base are mixed, usually resulting in water and a salt.
Neutralization
Identify one major disadvantage of using nuclear energy for electricity.
Production of radioactive waste or risk of meltdown
As you move down a group, what happens to the atomic radius and why?
It increases because more energy levels/shells are added
Why is Copper preferred over Iron for electrical wiring in houses?
Copper has higher electrical conductivity and is more resistant to corrosion.
How do discrete lines in an emission spectrum (rather than a continuous rainbow) prove that energy levels are "quantized?"
It shows electrons can only exist at specific energy distances, not "in-between."
You are testing how concentration affects dissolving speed. Identify the Independent Variable in your experiment.
The concentration of the solution.
If 50g of Reactant A reacts with 50g of Reactant B to produce a gas and a solid, what must the combined mass of the products be?
100g