Terms
What is Uncertainty?
The idea that uncertainty towards a different states leads to fear, which leads to escalation
What is Liberalism?
--> ex: UN/EU = Liberal institutions
What is Norm Emergence?
Leaders/people of influence highlighting issues; long process
What is Containment?
Proposed by U.S State Dept. official, George Kernmann in 1946; "Long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies"
What is an example of a Violent Non-State Actor?
Insurgents, Armed domestic revolutionaries
What is the Social Contract? (Hobbes)
The idea that states should be responsive to their citizens
Stated that because citizens pay for wars with tax and are also the most effected by war, peace is the preferred state of being
What is Norms Cascade?
Pressure from non-state actors; people onto the state, institutions
What are International Institutions?
Institutions designed to sustain order and facilitate cooperation and coordination; laws, regulations, enforcement, etc.
What is the "New Wars" hypothesis?
Organized violence has shifted from being state-based to decentralized internal conflicts driven by globalization
What is Rationality?
The assumption that states act logically to maximize their preferences and secure goals like power, security, or wealth
What is Constructivism?
The idea that components of the int. system only exists as much as we prescribe them value; states are central but not rational
What is Norm Internalization?
Norms become internalized through laws, formal institutions, social lexicons, etc.
What is the General Assembly?
Appendix of the U.N.; annual meeting, majority rules; consists of everything but peace and security
What is Asymmetric Warfare?
Military conflict between opposing forces with significant disparities in overall power, resources, or tactics; weaker side uses unconventional warfare tactics
What is Neorealism?
The theory that the system forces sovereign states to prioritize survival, power, and self-help; the international system makes conflict inevitable
What is Feminism in International Relations?
Does not attempt to explain the entire IR system; questions the role of men in positions of power in relation to the state of the world
U.S. foreign policy that opposes any foreign interference in the Western Hemisphere
What is the Security Council?
Appendix of the U.N.; most powerful U.N. council; 15 member states, 5 permanent members; 10 rotating members, every 2 years
What are Advisory Cases?
A non-binding legal interpretation issued by a court or legal authority on a hypothetical or abstract question of law, rather than resolving an active dispute between opposing parties
What is Survival (Mearsheimer)?
The foundational goal where a sovereign state aims to maintain its physical existence, political independence, and territorial integrity in a world without a higher global authority
Informal rules guiding social behavior
--> ex: taboos, expectations, etc.
What is the Roosevelt Corollary? (1904)
Addition to Monroe Doctrine; states U.S. had the right to act as an international police power in Latin America
What is Multi-Lateralism?
When three or more countries work together using shared rules and dialogue to solve big problems that no single nation can fix on its own
What are Contentious Cases?
Binding legal disputes between sovereign states that are submitted to and settled by the ICJ