Islam's Beginnings
This holiest city in Islam is the birthplace of Muhammad and a destination for Muslim pilgrims.
Mecca
This annual pilgrimage brings millions of Muslims to Mecca.
Hajj
These medical institutions in major medieval Muslim cities treated people regardless of religion, gender, or social status.
The hospitals
This Abbasid capital became famous for its libraries and House of Wisdom.
Baghdad
European Christians sought control of Palestine and this holy city during the Crusades.
Jerusalem
Muslims believe this sacred book contains revelations from God delivered through the angel Gabriel.
Qur'an
This pillar of Islam requires Muslims to give a portion of their wealth to help people in need.
Zakat
Arabs, Turks, and Persians all contributed to medieval Islamic civilization. These groups demonstrate this kind of diversity.
cultural or ethnic diversity
Muslim traders helped spread this Chinese technology, used to make material for books and writing, to Western Europe.
Papermaking
These communities in Western Europe suffered severe violence, discrimination, and persecution during the Crusades.
Jewish communities
Muhammad established the first Islamic community in this city after migrating there during the Hijrah.
Medina
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share this belief in only one God.
Monotheism
Christians and Jews under Islamic rule were required to pay this special tax while practicing their religions.
Jizya
Islamic scholars translated and preserved works by Plato and Aristotle, thinkers from this ancient civilization.
ancient Greece
After the First Crusade, European knights established four of these states in Syria and Palestine.
Crusader states
Before Islam, this shared language connected many nomadic and settled tribes of the Arabian Peninsula.
Arabic
Muslims use this title for Jews and Christians because of their traditions of scripture revealed by God.
"People of the Book"
Some countries incorporate this Islamic law into their legal systems, while others use secular legal codes.
Sharia
This empire captured Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire.
the Ottoman Empire
According to the study guide, this group’s capture of Jerusalem made travel dangerous for Christian pilgrims and helped trigger European military intervention.
Seljuk Turks
This dynasty expanded Islamic rule across North Africa, Spain, and parts of Central Asia.
Umayyad dynasty?
The Qur’an forbids forcing someone to change religions, a practice known by this two-word term.
Forced conversion
Reflection on nature encouraged Muslim scholars to advance these three fields: the study of stars and planets, healing, and numbers.
astronomy, medicine, and mathematics
This dynasty spread Muslim governance, art, and architecture across much of the Indian subcontinent.
the Mughal dynasty?
As feudal nobles left to fight and many lost their estates, these European rulers gained more centralized power.
kings