Located in the Arabian highlands of Hijaz, is the center of a bustling caravan trade, and contained a famous sanctuary.
What is Mecca?
100
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali
Who are the first 4 caliphs?
100
Series of wars in which the Christians attempted to take back the holy land from the Muslims.
What are the Crusades?
100
The empires emerged with the collapse of the Mongols.
Who are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals?
100
Believed the caliph should be a direct descendant of Mohammed.
Who are the Shi'ites?
200
During leadership, expansion into Egypt and parts of North Africa, Persia, Damascus and other parts of the Byzantine Empire as well as parts of Arabia.
What are the first four caliphs: Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
200
Umayyad leader who moved the capital from Medina to Damascus.
Who is Mu'awiya?
200
The Abbasid-Seljuk rule ended as a result of:
What are the Mongol invasions?
200
Absolute rule, Islam, agricultural economies and limited to no navies are characteristics of:
Who are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals?
200
Held to strict Koranic principles, believed a Muslim who committed a major sin should be no longer Muslim and held that the best man should be caliph.
Who are the khraijites?
300
Expansion of Islam under leadership enabled spread of Islam into parts of N. Africa, Asia, and Spain.
What is the Umayyad Dynasty?
300
In 1055, she Seljuq Turkmen who took control of Baghdad, the leader forced the Abbasid caliph to name hims sultan.
Who was Tugral Bey?
300
Cultural center of Spain and was renowned for its intellectual life, commerce, public baths, gardens and elegance.
What is Cordoba?
300
Most famous slave corp of the Ottoman military.
Who are the Janissaries?
300
Struggle in the path of God?
What is jihad?
400
The weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empires, mastery of desert warfare, bedoin camel & horse cavalry, and Muslim tolerance.
What factors enabled Islamic conquests?
400
Caliph during Spain's golden age.
Who was And al Rahman III?
400
A result of fragmentation whereby Christian rulers sought to take back lands. Their first permanent stronghold was. Must say both.
What is the reconquista and Toledo?
400
This empire survived until World War I, specifically the year 1918.
Who were the Ottomans?
400
All resurrected to face eternal punishment or paradise based on how one lived.
What is judgement day?
500
Non-Muslims were permitted to practice their faith and follow their own laws so long as the submitted to:
What is a poll and land tax?
500
Assumed the Abbasid caliphate in 750.
Who was Abu al-Abbas?
500
After the Umayyad Dynasty in Spain fragmented and decline, these two groups emerged in parts of Umayyad regions.
Who are the Almoravids and Almohads?
500
This empire was often in conflict with its Sunni neighbors.