Category 1
Drivers expect a train to arrive within about this number of seconds of the activation of a highway-rail grade crossing signal - either 5, 20 or 60 seconds.
What is 20 seconds?
For passive highway-rail grade crossings, these features on rail cars are important for increasing conspicuity at night.
What are reflectorized stripes?
At signalized intersections, this left turn treatment eliminates the need for gap judgment.
What are protected turn signal phases?
A minimum sight distance equivalent to this many seconds of travel time by the train should be available at highway-rail grade crossings to accommodate trucks - either 11, 16 or 21 seconds.
What is 11 seconds?
Accident rates for this road user group are much higher than for vehicles or pedestrians.
What are cyclists?
Vehicle classification which includes motor homes, mini-motor homes, van campers, conversion vehicles and towables.
What are RVs, or recreational vehicles?
The most effective countermeasure for the dilemma zone is this.
What is long-distance detection?
Marked crosswalks at multilane sites are especially prone to this type of collision.
What is a multiple-threat collision?
Two factors which influence driver speed are the geometric demand of the roadway and this.
What is road cross-section?
Statistics indicate that crash rates per mile travelled fall and level off after this age - either 20, 25 or 30 years old.
What is 30 years old?
Three factors which influence driver perception of speed are the streaming of information in peripheral vision, noise level, and this.
What is speed adaptation?
Deceleration involves applying these to slow a vehicle.
What are brakes?
Bifocal lenses cause difficulty in focusing on this item in the vehicle.
What is the instrument panel?
Reading time should be considered when selecting sign letter ___________.
What is height?
A concept developed in the Netherlands, this describes roads that can be easily categorized by drivers as requiring certain types of behavior.
What are "self-explaining" roads?
Road authorities use this type of sign to change driver expectations.
What are warning signs?
This concept involves the intentional removal of guidance to make drivers less certain about their right-of-way in comparison to other road users. Think "The Streak".
What are naked roads?
A two-wheeled, human propelled, single passenger vehicle.
What is a bicycle?
Older drivers are generally defined as those over this age - either 55, 65 or 75.
What is 65?
It should be assumed that driver acuity for positive contrast signs is this many feet per inch of letter height - either 30, 40 or 50 feet per inch.
What is 40 feet per inch?
This is an independent safety performance review of a road project by an experienced team of safety professionals.
What is a road safety audit?
For truck drivers, this factor was more important than hours of work in causing drowsiness and poorer performance
What is time of day?
The vehicle classification scheme developed by this governmental agency has 13 vehicle types.
What is the FHWA, or Federal Highway Administration?
In-vehicle navigation systems have been become more common in recent years, especially with the availability of location information from this
What is global positioning system or GPS?
This reduces the contrast of an object being viewed against its background. A major source is oncoming headlights.
What is glare?
Which of the following is closest to the distance at which a person with normal vision can barely read letters one inch high - either 17, 57, or 117 feet?
What is 57 feet?
This includes the total visual field from which target characteristics can be acquired when head and eye movements are excluded.
What is useful field of view (UFOV)?
The name of a signal interval during which a pedestrian may start crossing before vehicles are permitted to start a turn.
What is leading pedestrian interval?
Another name for a light rail vehicle.
What is a streetcar?
In 2006, it was estimated that this many motor vehicles were registered in the United States.
What is 240 million?