life science + more
these single-celled microorganisms can be shaped like spheres, rods, or spirals + can be treated using antibiotics
What are bacteria?
largest organ in the human body
what is the skin
the physical or visible expression of an organism's genetic makeup
what is a phenotype?
Vascular plant tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.
What is xylem?
known as the fundamental element of life on Earth due to its ability to form four covalent bonds
what is carbon?
non-living infectious agents consisting only of genetic material encased in a protein coat called a capsid
what is a virus?
red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body thanks to this iron-rich protein
what is hemoglobin
genetic trait that only appears when two copies of the allele are present
what is a recessive trait?
Microscopic openings or pores on the surface of plant leaves that regulate gas exchange and water loss.
What are stomata (singular: stoma)?
chemical bond is formed when two atoms share electrons to fill their valence shells
what is a covalent bond?
yeasts, molds, and mushrooms all belong to this kingdom of eukaryotic organisms
what are fungi?
tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place with blood capillaries
what are alveoli?
this process involves using bacteria or viruses to insert functional copies of a gene into a patient's cells to treat or prevent disease
what is gene therapy?
Vascular tissue that carries synthesized organic nutrients, mainly sucrose, from the leaves to all other parts of the plant.
What is phloem?
fatty acids containing no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temp
SATURATED FATS (or saturated fatty acids)
viruses that specifically infect and replicate within bacterial cells, often used in phage therapy
what are bacteriophages?
nerve cells that transmit information throughout the nervous system via electrical and chemical signals
what are neurons?
type of cell division that results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells, used to form gametes
what is meiosis?
The loss of water vapor from plant leaves, mainly through open stomata, which helps pull water upward through the xylem.
What is transpiration?
organic molecules that act as biological catalysts by binding substrates to lower reaction activation energy
what are enzymes
bacteria that thrive in extreme conditions, high heat, high salinity, or extreme acidity
what are extremophiles (extremophilic bacteria)
primary tissue that connects muscle to bone, made mostly of tough collagen fibers
non-coding sequences of RNA that are cut out during mRNA spicing before translation begins
what are introns?
Plant biological processes, such as leaf movement or flower opening, that repeat on a roughly 24-hour cycle driven by an internal biological clock.
What are circadian rhythms?
disruption of a protein's three-dimensional structure caused by factors like heat or extreme pH, causing loss of function
what is denaturation?