Orthopedic Injuries
A baseball pitcher experiences a valgus stress injury to the elbow. MRI demonstrates rupture of the primary restraint to valgus force. This ligament is commonly reconstructed using the palmaris longus tendon.
What is the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)
A fracture through the surgical neck of the humerus most commonly endangers this nerve.
What is the axillary nerve?
Weakness of this muscle produces a Trendelenburg gait.
What is the gluteus medius?
Loss of wrist extension most strongly suggests paralysis of muscles supplied by this nerve.
This ligament is the most commonly injured during an inversion ankle sprain at neutral.
What is the CFL?
A patient falls onto an outstretched hand. Radiographs are initially negative, but tenderness persists within the anatomical snuffbox. Which carpal bone is most likely fractured?
What is the scaphoid?
During a total hip replacement performed through a posterior approach, injury to this nerve is the most feared complication.
What is the sciatic nerve?
A patient drags their toes during swing phase because they cannot dorsiflex the ankle. Which muscle normally performs this action?
What is the tibialis anterior?
A patient cannot oppose the thumb following carpal tunnel syndrome. Which muscle has become denervated?
What is the opponens pollicis?
A patient sustains a fracture involving the ischial spine. Which muscle loses the bony pulley around which its tendon normally makes a nearly 90° turn before inserting onto the femur?
What is obturator internus?
A football player sustains a posterior shoulder dislocation during a seizure. Which rotator cuff muscle is most likely torn because it inserts on the anterior aspect of the humerus?
What is the subscapularis?
A surgeon accidentally transects the tendon lying within the intertubercular groove. Which muscle loses its proximal attachment?
What is the long head of biceps brachii?
Loss of this muscle makes it nearly impossible to initiate shoulder abduction.
What is supraspinatus?
This muscle is the only quadriceps muscle originating from the pelvis.
What is the rectus femoris?
A basketball player lands awkwardly and tears the structure that forms the floor of the carpal tunnel. Which structure has been injured?
What is the flexor reticaculum?
A runner presents with pain localized to the medial tibial border. Imaging reveals inflammation where several muscles insert together. Name this insertion.
What is the pes anserinus?
A fracture of the fibular neck results in complete foot drop. Which nerve has been injured?
What is the common fibular nerve?
A patient cannot rise onto the toes of one foot despite full passive ankle motion. Which muscle contributes the greatest plantarflexion force?
What is the soleus?
Following compression of the common fibular nerve, which compartment of the leg loses function first?
What is the anterior compartment?
A patient tears the tendon inserting on the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Which shoulder movement becomes most impaired?
What is internal (medial) rotation of the shoulder?
A skier twists her planted knee. Lachman testing demonstrates excessive anterior tibial translation while valgus stress testing is negative. Which structure is most likely injured?
What is the ACL?
A patient cannot actively abduct the arm after shoulder surgery, yet passive ROM is full. Sensation over the lateral shoulder is diminished. Which muscle is now nonfunctional?
What is the deltoid?
A patient demonstrates severe medial arch collapse during single-leg stance despite intact ligaments. Dysfunction of this muscle is the most likely cause.
What is the tibialis posterior?
A patient demonstrates weakness with hip flexion and lumbar stabilization. Which muscle group is primarily responsible?
What is the iliopsoas?
A trauma patient presents with a posterior shoulder dislocation. Following reduction, they demonstrate weakness of external rotation while shoulder abduction remains nearly normal. MRI reveals an isolated tear of one rotator cuff tendon. Which muscle is most likely injured?
What is the infraspinatus?