DNA BASICS 🌸
This molecule carries genetic information and has a double helix shape.
What is DNA?
This type of RNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
This cell structure is the site of protein synthesis.
What is a ribosome?
This is the series of stages a cell goes through as it grows, copies its DNA, and divides.
What is the cell cycle?
This type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide base.
What is a point mutation?
This process makes an identical copy of DNA before cell division.
What is DNA replication?
This process produces RNA from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
This three-nucleotide sequence codes for a specific amino acid.
What is a codon?
This phase of the cell cycle is when a cell grows and carries out normal functions.
What is interphase?
This mutation alters the reading frame of codons by adding or removing nucleotides.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This rule states that
Adenine pairs with thymine &
cytosine pairs with guanine.
What is complementary base pairing?
This base-pairing rule states that G pairs with C and A pairs with U.
What is complementary base pairing?
This process converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide.
What is translation?
This checkpoint prevents a cell from entering mitosis until all DNA has been copied.
What is the G2 checkpoint?
During meiosis, misaligned homologous chromosomes can cause unequal crossing over, leading to extra or missing gene copies.
What is gene duplication?
This is the location in eukaryotic cells where DNA replication and transcription occur.
What is the nucleus?
This strand of DNA is used as the template during transcription.
What is the template strand?
This molecule brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome using an anticodon to help make the growing protein.
What is tRNA?
This stage of the cell cycle divides the nucleus into two nuclei
What is mitosis?
These environmental factors increase the rate of DNA mutations despite repair enzymes.
What are mutagens?
This enzyme complex synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.
What is RNA polymerase?
This large protein complex binds DNA and separates strands to begin transcription.
What is the transcription complex?
This codon signals the start of translation and codes for methionine. Rhymes with RUG!
What is AUG?
This process divides the cytoplasm and forms two separate daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
This chromosomal mutation occurs when a DNA segment moves to a nonhomologous chromosome.
What is translocation?